High-voltage current sensing with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy color center in diamond exhibits several remarkable properties, which make it widely used in magnetic field sensing. In particular, the magnetic field measurements can be traced back to frequency, which makes diamond sensors promising for high-precision curren...

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Main Authors: Shao-Chun Zhang, Long Zhao, Ru-Jia Qiu, Jia-Qi Geng, Teng Tian, Bo-Wen Zhao, Yong Liu, Long-Kun Shan, Xiang-Dong Chen, Guang-Can Guo, Fang-Wen Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIP Publishing LLC 2025-03-01
Series:APL Photonics
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0256419
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author Shao-Chun Zhang
Long Zhao
Ru-Jia Qiu
Jia-Qi Geng
Teng Tian
Bo-Wen Zhao
Yong Liu
Long-Kun Shan
Xiang-Dong Chen
Guang-Can Guo
Fang-Wen Sun
author_facet Shao-Chun Zhang
Long Zhao
Ru-Jia Qiu
Jia-Qi Geng
Teng Tian
Bo-Wen Zhao
Yong Liu
Long-Kun Shan
Xiang-Dong Chen
Guang-Can Guo
Fang-Wen Sun
author_sort Shao-Chun Zhang
collection DOAJ
description The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy color center in diamond exhibits several remarkable properties, which make it widely used in magnetic field sensing. In particular, the magnetic field measurements can be traced back to frequency, which makes diamond sensors promising for high-precision current measurement. Here, we develop a quantum current transformer (QCT) with four fiberized diamond sensors uniformly toroidally distributed in a magnetic shielding loop. We proposed fluorescence signal treatments of frequency-doubled conversion and weighted averaging under a zero bias magnetic field, which can reconstruct the 50 Hz alternating-current waveform. A maximum accuracy of 0.05% for AC amplitude measurements is achieved over a highly linear range of 0–1000 A. In addition, tracing two resonance frequencies simultaneously enabled the suppression of temperature drift in the current measurement. Finally, we apply this QCT to current monitoring in a 110 kV substation, verifying its practicality in the power supply network. Such a QCT can provide a robust and scalable platform for current quantum sensing technologies for high-voltage power transmission while reducing the complexity of operation and maintenance.
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institution DOAJ
issn 2378-0967
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher AIP Publishing LLC
record_format Article
series APL Photonics
spelling doaj-art-db2eeab307ee4b3e9be6cbc858dc82f32025-08-20T03:06:18ZengAIP Publishing LLCAPL Photonics2378-09672025-03-01103036117036117-1010.1063/5.0256419High-voltage current sensing with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamondShao-Chun Zhang0Long Zhao1Ru-Jia Qiu2Jia-Qi Geng3Teng Tian4Bo-Wen Zhao5Yong Liu6Long-Kun Shan7Xiang-Dong Chen8Guang-Can Guo9Fang-Wen Sun10CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaElectric Power Quantum Sensing Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute, Hefei 230601, ChinaElectric Power Quantum Sensing Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute, Hefei 230601, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaElectric Power Quantum Sensing Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute, Hefei 230601, ChinaAnhui Guosheng Quantum Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaThe negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy color center in diamond exhibits several remarkable properties, which make it widely used in magnetic field sensing. In particular, the magnetic field measurements can be traced back to frequency, which makes diamond sensors promising for high-precision current measurement. Here, we develop a quantum current transformer (QCT) with four fiberized diamond sensors uniformly toroidally distributed in a magnetic shielding loop. We proposed fluorescence signal treatments of frequency-doubled conversion and weighted averaging under a zero bias magnetic field, which can reconstruct the 50 Hz alternating-current waveform. A maximum accuracy of 0.05% for AC amplitude measurements is achieved over a highly linear range of 0–1000 A. In addition, tracing two resonance frequencies simultaneously enabled the suppression of temperature drift in the current measurement. Finally, we apply this QCT to current monitoring in a 110 kV substation, verifying its practicality in the power supply network. Such a QCT can provide a robust and scalable platform for current quantum sensing technologies for high-voltage power transmission while reducing the complexity of operation and maintenance.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0256419
spellingShingle Shao-Chun Zhang
Long Zhao
Ru-Jia Qiu
Jia-Qi Geng
Teng Tian
Bo-Wen Zhao
Yong Liu
Long-Kun Shan
Xiang-Dong Chen
Guang-Can Guo
Fang-Wen Sun
High-voltage current sensing with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
APL Photonics
title High-voltage current sensing with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
title_full High-voltage current sensing with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
title_fullStr High-voltage current sensing with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
title_full_unstemmed High-voltage current sensing with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
title_short High-voltage current sensing with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
title_sort high voltage current sensing with nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0256419
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