Interferon gamma release assay post BCG among newborns and family members living in a crowded area in Jakarta, Indonesia

Introduction: BCG vaccine is a mandatory for newborn in Indonesia, an endemic tuberculosis (TB) country that ranks second worldwide. A close contact with untreated active pulmonary TB individuals in a crowded area may result in TB disease or otherwise develop a latent TB infection (LTBI), as shown...

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Main Authors: Francisca Srioetami Tanoerahardjo, Indri Rooslamiati, Natalie Kipuw, Hadiyanto, Soegianto Ali, Edhyana Sahiratmadja
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2022-04-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/15290
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author Francisca Srioetami Tanoerahardjo
Indri Rooslamiati
Natalie Kipuw
Hadiyanto
Soegianto Ali
Edhyana Sahiratmadja
author_facet Francisca Srioetami Tanoerahardjo
Indri Rooslamiati
Natalie Kipuw
Hadiyanto
Soegianto Ali
Edhyana Sahiratmadja
author_sort Francisca Srioetami Tanoerahardjo
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: BCG vaccine is a mandatory for newborn in Indonesia, an endemic tuberculosis (TB) country that ranks second worldwide. A close contact with untreated active pulmonary TB individuals in a crowded area may result in TB disease or otherwise develop a latent TB infection (LTBI), as shown by positive result of interferon gamma release assay (IGRA). Objective: To explore LTBI among newborns and their family members living in a crowded area in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methodology: A prospective analytical study was conducted among newborns between October 2016 and March 2017. IGRA was examined before BCG vaccination and after 12 weeks. In parallel, TB active case finding was performed among family members of the newborns. Results: Out of 135 newborns, only 117 (86.7%) came for BCG vaccination. Of 346 family members screened, 8 (2.3%) were detected as untreated active pulmonary TB, confirmed by positive sputum and/or MTB culture. Family members living in the same house with active TB individuals (p = 0.011, OR 2.69) as well as being males (p = 0.025, OR 1.68) had a significant higher risk of having a positive IGRA. Conclusions: Untreated pulmonary TB infection in a crowded area infects the surrounding neighbors, resulting in latent TB infection. An active program for detecting pulmonary TB cases and preventive measures need to be taken seriously to contain the potential spread of the infection.
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spelling doaj-art-db2ceab74a5a49798651d3af7ebb87b82025-08-20T02:14:11ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802022-04-01160410.3855/jidc.15290Interferon gamma release assay post BCG among newborns and family members living in a crowded area in Jakarta, IndonesiaFrancisca Srioetami Tanoerahardjo0Indri Rooslamiati1Natalie Kipuw2Hadiyanto3Soegianto Ali4Edhyana Sahiratmadja5National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of IndonesiaNational Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of IndonesiaNational Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of IndonesiaSchool of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaSchool of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia Introduction: BCG vaccine is a mandatory for newborn in Indonesia, an endemic tuberculosis (TB) country that ranks second worldwide. A close contact with untreated active pulmonary TB individuals in a crowded area may result in TB disease or otherwise develop a latent TB infection (LTBI), as shown by positive result of interferon gamma release assay (IGRA). Objective: To explore LTBI among newborns and their family members living in a crowded area in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methodology: A prospective analytical study was conducted among newborns between October 2016 and March 2017. IGRA was examined before BCG vaccination and after 12 weeks. In parallel, TB active case finding was performed among family members of the newborns. Results: Out of 135 newborns, only 117 (86.7%) came for BCG vaccination. Of 346 family members screened, 8 (2.3%) were detected as untreated active pulmonary TB, confirmed by positive sputum and/or MTB culture. Family members living in the same house with active TB individuals (p = 0.011, OR 2.69) as well as being males (p = 0.025, OR 1.68) had a significant higher risk of having a positive IGRA. Conclusions: Untreated pulmonary TB infection in a crowded area infects the surrounding neighbors, resulting in latent TB infection. An active program for detecting pulmonary TB cases and preventive measures need to be taken seriously to contain the potential spread of the infection. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/15290IGRABCGnewborntuberculosisIndonesia
spellingShingle Francisca Srioetami Tanoerahardjo
Indri Rooslamiati
Natalie Kipuw
Hadiyanto
Soegianto Ali
Edhyana Sahiratmadja
Interferon gamma release assay post BCG among newborns and family members living in a crowded area in Jakarta, Indonesia
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
IGRA
BCG
newborn
tuberculosis
Indonesia
title Interferon gamma release assay post BCG among newborns and family members living in a crowded area in Jakarta, Indonesia
title_full Interferon gamma release assay post BCG among newborns and family members living in a crowded area in Jakarta, Indonesia
title_fullStr Interferon gamma release assay post BCG among newborns and family members living in a crowded area in Jakarta, Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed Interferon gamma release assay post BCG among newborns and family members living in a crowded area in Jakarta, Indonesia
title_short Interferon gamma release assay post BCG among newborns and family members living in a crowded area in Jakarta, Indonesia
title_sort interferon gamma release assay post bcg among newborns and family members living in a crowded area in jakarta indonesia
topic IGRA
BCG
newborn
tuberculosis
Indonesia
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/15290
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