Is Pain Stronger in Adults or in Adolescents During Semi-Rapid Maxillary Expansion (SRME) and Fixed Appliance (FA) Therapies?

Rapid or semi-rapid maxillary expansion is a well-established method of treating severe transversal maxillary deficiency or transversal dental arch discrepancy. Pain is considered an inevitable undesirable adverse effect of orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to compare pain leve...

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Main Authors: Małgorzata Kuc-Michalska, Magdalena Pokucińska, Joanna Janiszewska-Olszowska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/5/2622
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author Małgorzata Kuc-Michalska
Magdalena Pokucińska
Joanna Janiszewska-Olszowska
author_facet Małgorzata Kuc-Michalska
Magdalena Pokucińska
Joanna Janiszewska-Olszowska
author_sort Małgorzata Kuc-Michalska
collection DOAJ
description Rapid or semi-rapid maxillary expansion is a well-established method of treating severe transversal maxillary deficiency or transversal dental arch discrepancy. Pain is considered an inevitable undesirable adverse effect of orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to compare pain levels experienced from the semi-RME (SRME) procedure between adults and adolescents and the lower fixed appliance (FA) procedure in the same patients. The study comprised 95 patients (51 adults and 44 adolescents) treated with a bonded acrylic Hass-type expander and the following month (after blocking the screw) with a lower fixed orthodontic appliance. Pain was assessed using a numerical rating scale from 0 to 10. During screw activation, adolescent patients reported a statistically significantly higher median pain level (5.00) compared to adults (3.00) [<i>p</i> = 0.009]. During the fixed appliance treatment, adolescent patients reported similar pain level to adults (4.5 and 4.0, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.49). Interestingly, the median pain level for SRME in the whole group was 4, and was not different from the fixed appliance treatment sensations. Adolescent females had the highest pain sensation, while adult males had the lowest during both procedures, SRME and FA. The difference between the midpalatal suture opening (appearance of diastema) in adolescents (81.82%) vs. adults (64.71%) was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.062). The oldest patients with diastema were a 36y-2mo-old man and a 42-year-old woman, whereas the youngest patients without diastema were an 11y-11mo-old girl and a 13y-2mo-old boy. Moreover, all female patients between 30 to 42 years of age (eight women) had presented with diastema. In both age groups, the biggest disadvantage during SRME, reported by 50.53% of all patients (45.45% of adolescents and 54.9% of adults; <i>p</i> = 0.062), were speech problems, whereas only 18.95% of the total group (27.27% of adolescents vs. 11.76% of adults; <i>p</i> = 0.054) considered pain as the main disadvantage. During FA therapy, 32.63% of all patients reported pressure sores as the main disadvantage (29.55% of adolescents and 35.29% of adults; <i>p</i> = 0.551).
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spelling doaj-art-db28f83fe2d34831841834dfafcda6ab2025-08-20T02:57:40ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-02-01155262210.3390/app15052622Is Pain Stronger in Adults or in Adolescents During Semi-Rapid Maxillary Expansion (SRME) and Fixed Appliance (FA) Therapies?Małgorzata Kuc-Michalska0Magdalena Pokucińska1Joanna Janiszewska-Olszowska2Private Orthodontic-Dental Practice “Ortomikar”, 41-800 Zabrze, PolandPrivate Orthodontic-Dental Practice “Ortomikar”, 41-800 Zabrze, PolandDepartment of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, PolandRapid or semi-rapid maxillary expansion is a well-established method of treating severe transversal maxillary deficiency or transversal dental arch discrepancy. Pain is considered an inevitable undesirable adverse effect of orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to compare pain levels experienced from the semi-RME (SRME) procedure between adults and adolescents and the lower fixed appliance (FA) procedure in the same patients. The study comprised 95 patients (51 adults and 44 adolescents) treated with a bonded acrylic Hass-type expander and the following month (after blocking the screw) with a lower fixed orthodontic appliance. Pain was assessed using a numerical rating scale from 0 to 10. During screw activation, adolescent patients reported a statistically significantly higher median pain level (5.00) compared to adults (3.00) [<i>p</i> = 0.009]. During the fixed appliance treatment, adolescent patients reported similar pain level to adults (4.5 and 4.0, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.49). Interestingly, the median pain level for SRME in the whole group was 4, and was not different from the fixed appliance treatment sensations. Adolescent females had the highest pain sensation, while adult males had the lowest during both procedures, SRME and FA. The difference between the midpalatal suture opening (appearance of diastema) in adolescents (81.82%) vs. adults (64.71%) was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.062). The oldest patients with diastema were a 36y-2mo-old man and a 42-year-old woman, whereas the youngest patients without diastema were an 11y-11mo-old girl and a 13y-2mo-old boy. Moreover, all female patients between 30 to 42 years of age (eight women) had presented with diastema. In both age groups, the biggest disadvantage during SRME, reported by 50.53% of all patients (45.45% of adolescents and 54.9% of adults; <i>p</i> = 0.062), were speech problems, whereas only 18.95% of the total group (27.27% of adolescents vs. 11.76% of adults; <i>p</i> = 0.054) considered pain as the main disadvantage. During FA therapy, 32.63% of all patients reported pressure sores as the main disadvantage (29.55% of adolescents and 35.29% of adults; <i>p</i> = 0.551).https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/5/2622diastemadiscomfortHass-type acrylic splint expandermaxillary expansionorthodonticspain
spellingShingle Małgorzata Kuc-Michalska
Magdalena Pokucińska
Joanna Janiszewska-Olszowska
Is Pain Stronger in Adults or in Adolescents During Semi-Rapid Maxillary Expansion (SRME) and Fixed Appliance (FA) Therapies?
Applied Sciences
diastema
discomfort
Hass-type acrylic splint expander
maxillary expansion
orthodontics
pain
title Is Pain Stronger in Adults or in Adolescents During Semi-Rapid Maxillary Expansion (SRME) and Fixed Appliance (FA) Therapies?
title_full Is Pain Stronger in Adults or in Adolescents During Semi-Rapid Maxillary Expansion (SRME) and Fixed Appliance (FA) Therapies?
title_fullStr Is Pain Stronger in Adults or in Adolescents During Semi-Rapid Maxillary Expansion (SRME) and Fixed Appliance (FA) Therapies?
title_full_unstemmed Is Pain Stronger in Adults or in Adolescents During Semi-Rapid Maxillary Expansion (SRME) and Fixed Appliance (FA) Therapies?
title_short Is Pain Stronger in Adults or in Adolescents During Semi-Rapid Maxillary Expansion (SRME) and Fixed Appliance (FA) Therapies?
title_sort is pain stronger in adults or in adolescents during semi rapid maxillary expansion srme and fixed appliance fa therapies
topic diastema
discomfort
Hass-type acrylic splint expander
maxillary expansion
orthodontics
pain
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/5/2622
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AT magdalenapokucinska ispainstrongerinadultsorinadolescentsduringsemirapidmaxillaryexpansionsrmeandfixedappliancefatherapies
AT joannajaniszewskaolszowska ispainstrongerinadultsorinadolescentsduringsemirapidmaxillaryexpansionsrmeandfixedappliancefatherapies