Childhood abuse and neglect are differentially related to perceived discrimination and structural change in empathy-related circuitry

Abstract Behavioral studies indicate that adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are associated with altered empathic responding, but the neural mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Given the significance of empathy in contexts marred by historical conflict and systemic inequality, w...

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Main Authors: Melike M. Fourie, Fleur L. Warton, Tess Derrick-Sleigh, Hannah Codrington, Mark Solms, Jean Decety, Dan J. Stein
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00679-y
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author Melike M. Fourie
Fleur L. Warton
Tess Derrick-Sleigh
Hannah Codrington
Mark Solms
Jean Decety
Dan J. Stein
author_facet Melike M. Fourie
Fleur L. Warton
Tess Derrick-Sleigh
Hannah Codrington
Mark Solms
Jean Decety
Dan J. Stein
author_sort Melike M. Fourie
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Behavioral studies indicate that adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are associated with altered empathic responding, but the neural mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Given the significance of empathy in contexts marred by historical conflict and systemic inequality, work on these mechanisms is particularly important in such contexts. The current study extends previous work by (1) examining associations of different dimensions of ACE with volumetric change in empathy-related circuitry, (2) distinguishing between trait and state empathy, and (3) including perceived discrimination as an additional psychosocial stressor. Thirty-nine healthy South African adults from the general population (M age  = 40.6 years) underwent 3 T MRI. FreeSurfer v6.0 was used to extract predefined volumes subserving empathy. Results showed that childhood abuse and perceived discrimination were associated with reduced state empathic concern, whereas childhood neglect was associated with reduced trait cognitive empathy. Childhood abuse was furthermore associated with volumetric increases in frontolimbic (hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)) and neocortical (superior frontal and temporal) regions subserving affective and cognitive empathy, and uniquely mediated the relationship between ACC volume and perceived discrimination. The association of ACE with altered empathic responding may thus be underpinned by specific circuitry reflective of adversity type, with childhood abuse contributing to heightened responsivity to socioemotional cues.
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spelling doaj-art-db181fbf88034e5697ebf7668febbe992025-08-20T02:15:12ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-00679-yChildhood abuse and neglect are differentially related to perceived discrimination and structural change in empathy-related circuitryMelike M. Fourie0Fleur L. Warton1Tess Derrick-Sleigh2Hannah Codrington3Mark Solms4Jean Decety5Dan J. Stein6Department of Surgery and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, ObservatoryBiomedical Engineering Research Centre, Department of Human Biology and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape TownDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape TownDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape TownDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape TownDepartment of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of ChicagoSAMRC Unit On Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape TownAbstract Behavioral studies indicate that adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are associated with altered empathic responding, but the neural mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Given the significance of empathy in contexts marred by historical conflict and systemic inequality, work on these mechanisms is particularly important in such contexts. The current study extends previous work by (1) examining associations of different dimensions of ACE with volumetric change in empathy-related circuitry, (2) distinguishing between trait and state empathy, and (3) including perceived discrimination as an additional psychosocial stressor. Thirty-nine healthy South African adults from the general population (M age  = 40.6 years) underwent 3 T MRI. FreeSurfer v6.0 was used to extract predefined volumes subserving empathy. Results showed that childhood abuse and perceived discrimination were associated with reduced state empathic concern, whereas childhood neglect was associated with reduced trait cognitive empathy. Childhood abuse was furthermore associated with volumetric increases in frontolimbic (hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)) and neocortical (superior frontal and temporal) regions subserving affective and cognitive empathy, and uniquely mediated the relationship between ACC volume and perceived discrimination. The association of ACE with altered empathic responding may thus be underpinned by specific circuitry reflective of adversity type, with childhood abuse contributing to heightened responsivity to socioemotional cues.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00679-yAdverse childhood experiencesPerceived discriminationEmpathyStructural MRIChildhood abuseChildhood neglect
spellingShingle Melike M. Fourie
Fleur L. Warton
Tess Derrick-Sleigh
Hannah Codrington
Mark Solms
Jean Decety
Dan J. Stein
Childhood abuse and neglect are differentially related to perceived discrimination and structural change in empathy-related circuitry
Scientific Reports
Adverse childhood experiences
Perceived discrimination
Empathy
Structural MRI
Childhood abuse
Childhood neglect
title Childhood abuse and neglect are differentially related to perceived discrimination and structural change in empathy-related circuitry
title_full Childhood abuse and neglect are differentially related to perceived discrimination and structural change in empathy-related circuitry
title_fullStr Childhood abuse and neglect are differentially related to perceived discrimination and structural change in empathy-related circuitry
title_full_unstemmed Childhood abuse and neglect are differentially related to perceived discrimination and structural change in empathy-related circuitry
title_short Childhood abuse and neglect are differentially related to perceived discrimination and structural change in empathy-related circuitry
title_sort childhood abuse and neglect are differentially related to perceived discrimination and structural change in empathy related circuitry
topic Adverse childhood experiences
Perceived discrimination
Empathy
Structural MRI
Childhood abuse
Childhood neglect
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00679-y
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