The Intersection of Gender, Culture and Society for Caregivers of Older Adults Ageing in Place in Ontario, Canada

ABSTRACT Background It is reported that women are more likely to be caregivers than men, experience a higher burden of care and increased emotional health sequelae as a result. Social location (a person's gender, culture, ethnicity, etc.) is known to influence caregiving experiences. However, t...

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Main Authors: Danielle Jacobson, Tashani Parker, Lauren Cadel, Elizabeth Mansfield, Kerry Kuluski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Health Expectations
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70259
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author Danielle Jacobson
Tashani Parker
Lauren Cadel
Elizabeth Mansfield
Kerry Kuluski
author_facet Danielle Jacobson
Tashani Parker
Lauren Cadel
Elizabeth Mansfield
Kerry Kuluski
author_sort Danielle Jacobson
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background It is reported that women are more likely to be caregivers than men, experience a higher burden of care and increased emotional health sequelae as a result. Social location (a person's gender, culture, ethnicity, etc.) is known to influence caregiving experiences. However, there is limited work that draws attention to how cultural and linguistic diversity shapes the experiences and expectations of informal caregivers. Objective The authors aimed to study how to reallocate health and social service resources to better support older adults ageing in place. However, some participants felt strongly about the role of gender. This report addresses the gap for better understanding (1) how gender influences informal caregiving for older adults ageing at home in Ontario, Canada, and (2) how culture may influence gendered caregiving expectations for this population. Design A critical social justice paradigm and balance of care framework guided the research. Focus groups (15) and one‐one‐one interviews (7) were carried out. A collaborative approach to codebook thematic analysis was conducted. Setting and Participants This study was carried out in Peel, a diverse region in Ontario, Canada. 42 individuals participated in the study (14 older adults, 10 caregivers and 18 healthcare providers). Findings Four themes were found regarding the role of gender in caregiving: (1) women caregivers as catalysts for ageing in place, (2) gender norms, generational standards and the societal expectation for women to be caregivers, (3) the intersection of culture and gender on caregiving for older adults and (4) health service workforce as women‐dominant and linguistically diverse. Discussion and Conclusion Service needs not currently met by Canada's healthcare system often become absorbed by women caregivers who facilitate ageing in place. Further research is required to better understand: (1) how a larger breadth of communities experience the intersection of gender and culture in the care of older adults in Ontario, Canada, and (2) how to better harness the diversity within Canada's homecare workforce to allow for cultural, linguistic and/or gender alignment with older adult clients. Patient or Public Contribution Patients and caregivers were research participants; however, the focus groups were co‐design sessions, in which participants built and shaped personas and care packages.
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spelling doaj-art-db13644f3a42484bb0ea1c42dcd270ac2025-08-20T03:08:28ZengWileyHealth Expectations1369-65131369-76252025-04-01282n/an/a10.1111/hex.70259The Intersection of Gender, Culture and Society for Caregivers of Older Adults Ageing in Place in Ontario, CanadaDanielle Jacobson0Tashani Parker1Lauren Cadel2Elizabeth Mansfield3Kerry Kuluski4Institute for Better Health Trillium Health Partners Mississauga CanadaInstitute for Better Health Trillium Health Partners Mississauga CanadaInstitute for Better Health Trillium Health Partners Mississauga CanadaInstitute for Better Health Trillium Health Partners Mississauga CanadaInstitute for Better Health Trillium Health Partners Mississauga CanadaABSTRACT Background It is reported that women are more likely to be caregivers than men, experience a higher burden of care and increased emotional health sequelae as a result. Social location (a person's gender, culture, ethnicity, etc.) is known to influence caregiving experiences. However, there is limited work that draws attention to how cultural and linguistic diversity shapes the experiences and expectations of informal caregivers. Objective The authors aimed to study how to reallocate health and social service resources to better support older adults ageing in place. However, some participants felt strongly about the role of gender. This report addresses the gap for better understanding (1) how gender influences informal caregiving for older adults ageing at home in Ontario, Canada, and (2) how culture may influence gendered caregiving expectations for this population. Design A critical social justice paradigm and balance of care framework guided the research. Focus groups (15) and one‐one‐one interviews (7) were carried out. A collaborative approach to codebook thematic analysis was conducted. Setting and Participants This study was carried out in Peel, a diverse region in Ontario, Canada. 42 individuals participated in the study (14 older adults, 10 caregivers and 18 healthcare providers). Findings Four themes were found regarding the role of gender in caregiving: (1) women caregivers as catalysts for ageing in place, (2) gender norms, generational standards and the societal expectation for women to be caregivers, (3) the intersection of culture and gender on caregiving for older adults and (4) health service workforce as women‐dominant and linguistically diverse. Discussion and Conclusion Service needs not currently met by Canada's healthcare system often become absorbed by women caregivers who facilitate ageing in place. Further research is required to better understand: (1) how a larger breadth of communities experience the intersection of gender and culture in the care of older adults in Ontario, Canada, and (2) how to better harness the diversity within Canada's homecare workforce to allow for cultural, linguistic and/or gender alignment with older adult clients. Patient or Public Contribution Patients and caregivers were research participants; however, the focus groups were co‐design sessions, in which participants built and shaped personas and care packages.https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70259ageing at homeageing in placecaregivinggender normsolder adultssexism
spellingShingle Danielle Jacobson
Tashani Parker
Lauren Cadel
Elizabeth Mansfield
Kerry Kuluski
The Intersection of Gender, Culture and Society for Caregivers of Older Adults Ageing in Place in Ontario, Canada
Health Expectations
ageing at home
ageing in place
caregiving
gender norms
older adults
sexism
title The Intersection of Gender, Culture and Society for Caregivers of Older Adults Ageing in Place in Ontario, Canada
title_full The Intersection of Gender, Culture and Society for Caregivers of Older Adults Ageing in Place in Ontario, Canada
title_fullStr The Intersection of Gender, Culture and Society for Caregivers of Older Adults Ageing in Place in Ontario, Canada
title_full_unstemmed The Intersection of Gender, Culture and Society for Caregivers of Older Adults Ageing in Place in Ontario, Canada
title_short The Intersection of Gender, Culture and Society for Caregivers of Older Adults Ageing in Place in Ontario, Canada
title_sort intersection of gender culture and society for caregivers of older adults ageing in place in ontario canada
topic ageing at home
ageing in place
caregiving
gender norms
older adults
sexism
url https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.70259
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