Evaluating sex-specific responses to western diet across the lifespan: impact on cardiac function and transcriptomic signatures in C57BL/6J mice at 530 and 640/750 days of age
Abstract Background Long-term consumption of Western Diet (WD) is a well-established risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, there is a paucity of studies on the long-term effects of WD on the pathophysiology of CVD and sex-specific responses. Methods Our study aime...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Cardiovascular Diabetology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-024-02565-9 |
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| Summary: | Abstract Background Long-term consumption of Western Diet (WD) is a well-established risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, there is a paucity of studies on the long-term effects of WD on the pathophysiology of CVD and sex-specific responses. Methods Our study aimed to investigate the sex-specific pathophysiological changes in left ventricular (LV) function using transthoracic echocardiography (ECHO) and LV tissue transcriptomics in WD-fed C57BL/6 J mice for 125 days, starting at the age of 300 through 425 days. Results In female mice, consumption of the WD diet showed long-term effects on LV structure and possible development of HFpEF-like phenotype with compensatory cardiac structural changes later in life. In male mice, ECHO revealed the development of an HFrEF-like phenotype later in life without detectable structural alterations. The transcriptomic profile revealed a sex-associated dichotomy in LV structure and function. Specifically, at 530-day, WD-fed male mice exhibited differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were overrepresented in pathways associated with endocrine function, signal transduction, and cardiomyopathies. At 750 days, WD-fed male mice exhibited dysregulation of several genes involved in various lipid, glucagon, and glutathione metabolic pathways. At 530 days, WD-fed female mice exhibited the most distinctive set of DEGs with an abundance of genes related to circadian rhythms. At 640 days, altered DEGs in WD-fed female mice were associated with cardiac energy metabolism and remodeling. Conclusions Our study demonstrated distinct sex-specific and age-associated differences in cardiac structure, function, and transcriptome signature between WD-fed male and female mice. Graphical Abstract |
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| ISSN: | 1475-2840 |