Nuclear Receptors: Mechanistic Insights into Endocrine Resistance in Prostate and Breast Cancers

This review focuses on the pivotal roles of nuclear receptors (NRs) in driving endocrine resistance in prostate and breast cancers. In prostate cancer (PCa), androgen receptor (AR) amplification, mutations, and altered coactivator interactions sustain tumor growth under androgen deprivation therapy...

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Main Authors: Macrina Beatriz Silva-Cázares, Stephanie I. Nuñez-Olvera, Ricardo Hernández-Barrientos, Enoc Mariano Cortés-Malagón, María Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez, Jonathan Puente-Rivera
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Receptors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2564/3/4/22
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author Macrina Beatriz Silva-Cázares
Stephanie I. Nuñez-Olvera
Ricardo Hernández-Barrientos
Enoc Mariano Cortés-Malagón
María Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez
Jonathan Puente-Rivera
author_facet Macrina Beatriz Silva-Cázares
Stephanie I. Nuñez-Olvera
Ricardo Hernández-Barrientos
Enoc Mariano Cortés-Malagón
María Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez
Jonathan Puente-Rivera
author_sort Macrina Beatriz Silva-Cázares
collection DOAJ
description This review focuses on the pivotal roles of nuclear receptors (NRs) in driving endocrine resistance in prostate and breast cancers. In prostate cancer (PCa), androgen receptor (AR) amplification, mutations, and altered coactivator interactions sustain tumor growth under androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), leading to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Orphan NRs like RORβ, TLX, and COUP-TFII further contribute to CRPC by regulating stemness and therapeutic resistance mechanisms. In breast cancer, NRs, including estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), androgen receptor (AR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1), modulate estrogen signaling pathways and alternative survival mechanisms like PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NFκB, promoting resistance to endocrine therapies such as tamoxifen. Understanding these NR-mediated mechanisms is critical for developing targeted therapies to overcome endocrine resistance and improve patient outcomes in hormone-dependent cancers.
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spelling doaj-art-dafd5ace954a4e2f9fe4f36775b529892025-08-20T02:43:47ZengMDPI AGReceptors2813-25642024-10-013444445610.3390/receptors3040022Nuclear Receptors: Mechanistic Insights into Endocrine Resistance in Prostate and Breast CancersMacrina Beatriz Silva-Cázares0Stephanie I. Nuñez-Olvera1Ricardo Hernández-Barrientos2Enoc Mariano Cortés-Malagón3María Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez4Jonathan Puente-Rivera5Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Región Altiplano, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Carr a Cedral km 5+600 Ejido San José de las Trojes, Matehuala, San Luis Potosi 78700, MexicoDepartamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, MexicoDivisión de Investigación, Hospital Juárez De México, Mexico City 07760, MexicoPosgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), San Lorenzo 290, Col. Del Valle, Mexico City 03100, MexicoDivisión de Investigación, Hospital Juárez De México, Mexico City 07760, MexicoThis review focuses on the pivotal roles of nuclear receptors (NRs) in driving endocrine resistance in prostate and breast cancers. In prostate cancer (PCa), androgen receptor (AR) amplification, mutations, and altered coactivator interactions sustain tumor growth under androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), leading to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Orphan NRs like RORβ, TLX, and COUP-TFII further contribute to CRPC by regulating stemness and therapeutic resistance mechanisms. In breast cancer, NRs, including estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), androgen receptor (AR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1), modulate estrogen signaling pathways and alternative survival mechanisms like PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NFκB, promoting resistance to endocrine therapies such as tamoxifen. Understanding these NR-mediated mechanisms is critical for developing targeted therapies to overcome endocrine resistance and improve patient outcomes in hormone-dependent cancers.https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2564/3/4/22nuclear receptorscastration-resistant prostate cancerendocrine-resistance
spellingShingle Macrina Beatriz Silva-Cázares
Stephanie I. Nuñez-Olvera
Ricardo Hernández-Barrientos
Enoc Mariano Cortés-Malagón
María Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez
Jonathan Puente-Rivera
Nuclear Receptors: Mechanistic Insights into Endocrine Resistance in Prostate and Breast Cancers
Receptors
nuclear receptors
castration-resistant prostate cancer
endocrine-resistance
title Nuclear Receptors: Mechanistic Insights into Endocrine Resistance in Prostate and Breast Cancers
title_full Nuclear Receptors: Mechanistic Insights into Endocrine Resistance in Prostate and Breast Cancers
title_fullStr Nuclear Receptors: Mechanistic Insights into Endocrine Resistance in Prostate and Breast Cancers
title_full_unstemmed Nuclear Receptors: Mechanistic Insights into Endocrine Resistance in Prostate and Breast Cancers
title_short Nuclear Receptors: Mechanistic Insights into Endocrine Resistance in Prostate and Breast Cancers
title_sort nuclear receptors mechanistic insights into endocrine resistance in prostate and breast cancers
topic nuclear receptors
castration-resistant prostate cancer
endocrine-resistance
url https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2564/3/4/22
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