Effects of Low Green Light Combined with Different Red and Far-Red Light Ratios on the Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Cilantro (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i> L.)
Plant factories offer a promising opportunity for fresh food production due to their minimal land requirements. Among the adjustable factors in the production system of plant factories, light serves as a critical element, significantly influencing both crop yield and quality. Cilantro, a prevalent c...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Manuel Mayam Miranda Sotelo Yuan-Kai Tu Pearl Pei-Chun Chang Wei Fang Hsing-Ying Chung |
| author_facet | Manuel Mayam Miranda Sotelo Yuan-Kai Tu Pearl Pei-Chun Chang Wei Fang Hsing-Ying Chung |
| author_sort | Manuel Mayam Miranda Sotelo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plant factories offer a promising opportunity for fresh food production due to their minimal land requirements. Among the adjustable factors in the production system of plant factories, light serves as a critical element, significantly influencing both crop yield and quality. Cilantro, a prevalent culinary herb and a traditional flavoring agent, plays a crucial role in Taiwanese gastronomy. This research investigated cilantro plants grown under nine different light treatments with varying red to far-red ratios and green light percentages over a 49-day period. Results demonstrate that maximum fresh and dry biomass accumulation in both shoot and root tissues occurred under treatments with red to far-red ratios of approximately of 1.8 combined with medium green light intensity. Conversely, medium far-red ratios negatively affected lutein and carotenoid concentrations in foliar tissues. Carotenoid biosynthesis exhibited an inverse relationship with green light intensity, with lower green light percentages corresponding to significantly higher carotenoid concentrations. In terms of energy efficiency, a red to far-red ratio of approximately 1.8 yielded the highest energy yield (g kWh<sup>−1</sup>) and photon yield (g mol<sup>−1</sup>), indicating optimal energy conversion efficiency under this spectral composition. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that cilantro cultivation under R53G05B13FR29 spectral composition (53% red, 5% green, 13% blue, 29% far-red) with a 49-day production cycle maximizes biomass while optimizing energy utilization efficiency. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-daf88bf010b5481bb4436ffd85304be4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-daf88bf010b5481bb4436ffd85304be42025-08-20T03:26:22ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-05-01156136310.3390/agronomy15061363Effects of Low Green Light Combined with Different Red and Far-Red Light Ratios on the Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Cilantro (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i> L.)Manuel Mayam Miranda Sotelo0Yuan-Kai Tu1Pearl Pei-Chun Chang2Wei Fang3Hsing-Ying Chung4Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, TaiwanCrop Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Institute, Taichung 413, TaiwanDepartment of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, TaiwanDepartment of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanDepartment of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, TaiwanPlant factories offer a promising opportunity for fresh food production due to their minimal land requirements. Among the adjustable factors in the production system of plant factories, light serves as a critical element, significantly influencing both crop yield and quality. Cilantro, a prevalent culinary herb and a traditional flavoring agent, plays a crucial role in Taiwanese gastronomy. This research investigated cilantro plants grown under nine different light treatments with varying red to far-red ratios and green light percentages over a 49-day period. Results demonstrate that maximum fresh and dry biomass accumulation in both shoot and root tissues occurred under treatments with red to far-red ratios of approximately of 1.8 combined with medium green light intensity. Conversely, medium far-red ratios negatively affected lutein and carotenoid concentrations in foliar tissues. Carotenoid biosynthesis exhibited an inverse relationship with green light intensity, with lower green light percentages corresponding to significantly higher carotenoid concentrations. In terms of energy efficiency, a red to far-red ratio of approximately 1.8 yielded the highest energy yield (g kWh<sup>−1</sup>) and photon yield (g mol<sup>−1</sup>), indicating optimal energy conversion efficiency under this spectral composition. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that cilantro cultivation under R53G05B13FR29 spectral composition (53% red, 5% green, 13% blue, 29% far-red) with a 49-day production cycle maximizes biomass while optimizing energy utilization efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1363cilantrored to far-red proportiongreen lightlight qualityplant factory |
| spellingShingle | Manuel Mayam Miranda Sotelo Yuan-Kai Tu Pearl Pei-Chun Chang Wei Fang Hsing-Ying Chung Effects of Low Green Light Combined with Different Red and Far-Red Light Ratios on the Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Cilantro (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i> L.) Agronomy cilantro red to far-red proportion green light light quality plant factory |
| title | Effects of Low Green Light Combined with Different Red and Far-Red Light Ratios on the Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Cilantro (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i> L.) |
| title_full | Effects of Low Green Light Combined with Different Red and Far-Red Light Ratios on the Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Cilantro (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Low Green Light Combined with Different Red and Far-Red Light Ratios on the Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Cilantro (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Low Green Light Combined with Different Red and Far-Red Light Ratios on the Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Cilantro (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i> L.) |
| title_short | Effects of Low Green Light Combined with Different Red and Far-Red Light Ratios on the Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Cilantro (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i> L.) |
| title_sort | effects of low green light combined with different red and far red light ratios on the growth and secondary metabolites of cilantro i coriandrum sativum i l |
| topic | cilantro red to far-red proportion green light light quality plant factory |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1363 |
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