Portal vein thrombosis and Esophageal-Gastric variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: shared risk factors and causal relationship

Abstract Objective This study aims to investigate the shared risk factors and the causal relationship between esophageal varices bleeding (EGVB) and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in cirrhotic patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 1,223 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chanchan Lin, Yisen Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Gastroenterology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04094-5
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849238259526270976
author Chanchan Lin
Yisen Huang
author_facet Chanchan Lin
Yisen Huang
author_sort Chanchan Lin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective This study aims to investigate the shared risk factors and the causal relationship between esophageal varices bleeding (EGVB) and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in cirrhotic patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 1,223 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis at the First Hospital of Quanzhou from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2023. After screening, 247 patients were included in a 10-year follow-up study. Differential analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for both PVT and EGVB. The inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method was used to adjust for potential confounders and assess the impact of PVT on the incidence of EGVB. Results Increased portal vein diameter and reduced hemoglobin levels were identified as independent risk factors for both PVT and EGVB. The incidence of EGVB was higher than that of PVT, with a median time to occurrence of 2 months for EGVB and 16.93 months for PVT. Among patients who developed both complications, PVT occurred before EGVB in 61.43% of cases. IPTW analysis revealed that the incidence of EGVB was significantly higher in the PVT group compared to the non-PVT group (P = 0.043), indicating that PVT significantly increases the risk of EGVB. Conclusion Strategies to reduce portal vein pressure and improve anemia may help prevent both PVT and EGVB. Effective management of PVT is essential to reduce the incidence of EGVB in cirrhotic patients. Future research should involve larger sample sizes to further validate these findings.
format Article
id doaj-art-daf5288642754c209c819db2b6d98fea
institution Kabale University
issn 1471-230X
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Gastroenterology
spelling doaj-art-daf5288642754c209c819db2b6d98fea2025-08-20T04:01:41ZengBMCBMC Gastroenterology1471-230X2025-07-0125111010.1186/s12876-025-04094-5Portal vein thrombosis and Esophageal-Gastric variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: shared risk factors and causal relationshipChanchan Lin0Yisen Huang1Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityAbstract Objective This study aims to investigate the shared risk factors and the causal relationship between esophageal varices bleeding (EGVB) and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in cirrhotic patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 1,223 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis at the First Hospital of Quanzhou from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2023. After screening, 247 patients were included in a 10-year follow-up study. Differential analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for both PVT and EGVB. The inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method was used to adjust for potential confounders and assess the impact of PVT on the incidence of EGVB. Results Increased portal vein diameter and reduced hemoglobin levels were identified as independent risk factors for both PVT and EGVB. The incidence of EGVB was higher than that of PVT, with a median time to occurrence of 2 months for EGVB and 16.93 months for PVT. Among patients who developed both complications, PVT occurred before EGVB in 61.43% of cases. IPTW analysis revealed that the incidence of EGVB was significantly higher in the PVT group compared to the non-PVT group (P = 0.043), indicating that PVT significantly increases the risk of EGVB. Conclusion Strategies to reduce portal vein pressure and improve anemia may help prevent both PVT and EGVB. Effective management of PVT is essential to reduce the incidence of EGVB in cirrhotic patients. Future research should involve larger sample sizes to further validate these findings.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04094-5CirrhosisPortal vein thrombosisEsophageal-Gastric varices bleedingPortal hypertensionInverse probability of treatment weighting method
spellingShingle Chanchan Lin
Yisen Huang
Portal vein thrombosis and Esophageal-Gastric variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: shared risk factors and causal relationship
BMC Gastroenterology
Cirrhosis
Portal vein thrombosis
Esophageal-Gastric varices bleeding
Portal hypertension
Inverse probability of treatment weighting method
title Portal vein thrombosis and Esophageal-Gastric variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: shared risk factors and causal relationship
title_full Portal vein thrombosis and Esophageal-Gastric variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: shared risk factors and causal relationship
title_fullStr Portal vein thrombosis and Esophageal-Gastric variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: shared risk factors and causal relationship
title_full_unstemmed Portal vein thrombosis and Esophageal-Gastric variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: shared risk factors and causal relationship
title_short Portal vein thrombosis and Esophageal-Gastric variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: shared risk factors and causal relationship
title_sort portal vein thrombosis and esophageal gastric variceal bleeding in cirrhosis shared risk factors and causal relationship
topic Cirrhosis
Portal vein thrombosis
Esophageal-Gastric varices bleeding
Portal hypertension
Inverse probability of treatment weighting method
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04094-5
work_keys_str_mv AT chanchanlin portalveinthrombosisandesophagealgastricvaricealbleedingincirrhosissharedriskfactorsandcausalrelationship
AT yisenhuang portalveinthrombosisandesophagealgastricvaricealbleedingincirrhosissharedriskfactorsandcausalrelationship