Application of Hansen solubility parameters in the eutectic mixtures: difference between empirical and semi-empirical models

Abstract Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSPs) are widely used as a tool in solubility studies. Given the variety of existent approaches to predict these parameters, this investigation focused on estimating the HSPs of a set of Natural Deep Eutectic Systems (NADES), using empirical (EM) and semi-empir...

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Main Authors: Cláudio C. Fernandes, Alexandre Paiva, Reza Haghbakhsh, Ana Rita C. Duarte
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-01-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87050-3
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author Cláudio C. Fernandes
Alexandre Paiva
Reza Haghbakhsh
Ana Rita C. Duarte
author_facet Cláudio C. Fernandes
Alexandre Paiva
Reza Haghbakhsh
Ana Rita C. Duarte
author_sort Cláudio C. Fernandes
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSPs) are widely used as a tool in solubility studies. Given the variety of existent approaches to predict these parameters, this investigation focused on estimating the HSPs of a set of Natural Deep Eutectic Systems (NADES), using empirical (EM) and semi-empirical models (SEM), and then understanding their differences/similarities. Although these theoretical models are designed and recommended mostly for simple molecules or simple solutions, they are still being used in eutectic systems studies, mainly empirical ones. Thus, a preliminary test was conducted with a set of conventional solvents, in which their experimental values of HSPs are known. Besides the confirmation of the EM as the most suitable for these kinds of regular solvents, the results found also showed a very similar behaviour to what was observed in NADES, i.e., in terms of suggesting the EM and SEM with the highest/lowest similarity. Furthermore, it was concluded that although there is a large discrepancy between the estimated values of the hydrogen bond parameter, especially for systems with a higher polar character, there is still a good similarity for the other parameters. In fact, it was observed that, when combining the semi-empirical models, it was possible to obtain a value of the hydrogen bond parameter more similar to the empirical ones.
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spelling doaj-art-daf3eef5dc4b45dcab104c2e8b3018142025-02-02T12:15:44ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-87050-3Application of Hansen solubility parameters in the eutectic mixtures: difference between empirical and semi-empirical modelsCláudio C. Fernandes0Alexandre Paiva1Reza Haghbakhsh2Ana Rita C. Duarte3LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Nova School of Science and TechnologyLAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Nova School of Science and TechnologyLAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Nova School of Science and TechnologyLAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Nova School of Science and TechnologyAbstract Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSPs) are widely used as a tool in solubility studies. Given the variety of existent approaches to predict these parameters, this investigation focused on estimating the HSPs of a set of Natural Deep Eutectic Systems (NADES), using empirical (EM) and semi-empirical models (SEM), and then understanding their differences/similarities. Although these theoretical models are designed and recommended mostly for simple molecules or simple solutions, they are still being used in eutectic systems studies, mainly empirical ones. Thus, a preliminary test was conducted with a set of conventional solvents, in which their experimental values of HSPs are known. Besides the confirmation of the EM as the most suitable for these kinds of regular solvents, the results found also showed a very similar behaviour to what was observed in NADES, i.e., in terms of suggesting the EM and SEM with the highest/lowest similarity. Furthermore, it was concluded that although there is a large discrepancy between the estimated values of the hydrogen bond parameter, especially for systems with a higher polar character, there is still a good similarity for the other parameters. In fact, it was observed that, when combining the semi-empirical models, it was possible to obtain a value of the hydrogen bond parameter more similar to the empirical ones.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87050-3Natural deep eutectic systemsHansen solubility parametersEmpirical modelSemi-empirical models
spellingShingle Cláudio C. Fernandes
Alexandre Paiva
Reza Haghbakhsh
Ana Rita C. Duarte
Application of Hansen solubility parameters in the eutectic mixtures: difference between empirical and semi-empirical models
Scientific Reports
Natural deep eutectic systems
Hansen solubility parameters
Empirical model
Semi-empirical models
title Application of Hansen solubility parameters in the eutectic mixtures: difference between empirical and semi-empirical models
title_full Application of Hansen solubility parameters in the eutectic mixtures: difference between empirical and semi-empirical models
title_fullStr Application of Hansen solubility parameters in the eutectic mixtures: difference between empirical and semi-empirical models
title_full_unstemmed Application of Hansen solubility parameters in the eutectic mixtures: difference between empirical and semi-empirical models
title_short Application of Hansen solubility parameters in the eutectic mixtures: difference between empirical and semi-empirical models
title_sort application of hansen solubility parameters in the eutectic mixtures difference between empirical and semi empirical models
topic Natural deep eutectic systems
Hansen solubility parameters
Empirical model
Semi-empirical models
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87050-3
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