Unraveling the genetic architecture of blueberry fruit quality traits: major loci control organic acid content while more complex genetic mechanisms control texture and sugar content

Abstract Background Fruit quality traits, including taste, flavor, texture, and shelf-life, have emerged as important breeding priorities in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). Organic acids and sugars play crucial roles in the perception of blueberry taste/flavor, where low and high consumer liking a...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Heeduk Oh, Molla F. Mengist, Guoying Ma, Lara Giongo, Marti Pottorff, Jessica A. Spencer, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Massimo Iorizzo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-01-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06061-4
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850191211702255616
author Heeduk Oh
Molla F. Mengist
Guoying Ma
Lara Giongo
Marti Pottorff
Jessica A. Spencer
Penelope Perkins-Veazie
Massimo Iorizzo
author_facet Heeduk Oh
Molla F. Mengist
Guoying Ma
Lara Giongo
Marti Pottorff
Jessica A. Spencer
Penelope Perkins-Veazie
Massimo Iorizzo
author_sort Heeduk Oh
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Fruit quality traits, including taste, flavor, texture, and shelf-life, have emerged as important breeding priorities in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). Organic acids and sugars play crucial roles in the perception of blueberry taste/flavor, where low and high consumer liking are correlated with high organic acids and high sugars, respectively. Blueberry texture and appearance are also critical for shelf-life quality and consumers’ willingness-to-pay. As the genetic mechanisms that determine these fruit quality traits remain largely unknown, in this study, an F1 mapping population was used to perform quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for pH, titratable acidity (TA), organic acids, total soluble solids (TSS), sugars, fruit size, and texture at harvest and/or post-storage and weight loss. Results Twenty-eight QTLs were detected for acidity-related parameters (pH, TA, and organic acid content). Six QTLs for pH, TA, and citric acid, two for quinic acid, and two for shikimic acid with major effects were consistently detected across two years on the same genomic regions on chromosomes 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Putative candidate genes for these QTLs were also identified using comparative transcriptomic analysis. No QTL was detected for malic acid content, TSS, or individual sugar content. A total of 146 QTLs with minor effects were identified for texture- and size-related parameters. With a few exceptions, these QTLs were generally inconsistent over years and post-storage, indicating a highly quantitative nature. Conclusions Our findings enhance the understanding of the genetic basis underlying fruit quality traits in blueberry and guide future work to exploit DNA-informed selection strategies in blueberry breeding programs. The major-effect QTLs identified for acidity-related fruit characteristics could be potential targets to develop DNA markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS). On the other hand, genomic selection may be a more suitable approach than MAS when targeting fruit texture, sugars, or size.
format Article
id doaj-art-daf20103a67d4050b2fa73078d2cce9e
institution OA Journals
issn 1471-2229
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Plant Biology
spelling doaj-art-daf20103a67d4050b2fa73078d2cce9e2025-08-20T02:14:59ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-01-0125111610.1186/s12870-025-06061-4Unraveling the genetic architecture of blueberry fruit quality traits: major loci control organic acid content while more complex genetic mechanisms control texture and sugar contentHeeduk Oh0Molla F. Mengist1Guoying Ma2Lara Giongo3Marti Pottorff4Jessica A. Spencer5Penelope Perkins-Veazie6Massimo Iorizzo7Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State UniversityPlants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State UniversityPlants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State UniversityFondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation CentrePlants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State UniversityDepartment of Horticulture, North Carolina State UniversityPlants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State UniversityPlants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State UniversityAbstract Background Fruit quality traits, including taste, flavor, texture, and shelf-life, have emerged as important breeding priorities in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). Organic acids and sugars play crucial roles in the perception of blueberry taste/flavor, where low and high consumer liking are correlated with high organic acids and high sugars, respectively. Blueberry texture and appearance are also critical for shelf-life quality and consumers’ willingness-to-pay. As the genetic mechanisms that determine these fruit quality traits remain largely unknown, in this study, an F1 mapping population was used to perform quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for pH, titratable acidity (TA), organic acids, total soluble solids (TSS), sugars, fruit size, and texture at harvest and/or post-storage and weight loss. Results Twenty-eight QTLs were detected for acidity-related parameters (pH, TA, and organic acid content). Six QTLs for pH, TA, and citric acid, two for quinic acid, and two for shikimic acid with major effects were consistently detected across two years on the same genomic regions on chromosomes 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Putative candidate genes for these QTLs were also identified using comparative transcriptomic analysis. No QTL was detected for malic acid content, TSS, or individual sugar content. A total of 146 QTLs with minor effects were identified for texture- and size-related parameters. With a few exceptions, these QTLs were generally inconsistent over years and post-storage, indicating a highly quantitative nature. Conclusions Our findings enhance the understanding of the genetic basis underlying fruit quality traits in blueberry and guide future work to exploit DNA-informed selection strategies in blueberry breeding programs. The major-effect QTLs identified for acidity-related fruit characteristics could be potential targets to develop DNA markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS). On the other hand, genomic selection may be a more suitable approach than MAS when targeting fruit texture, sugars, or size.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06061-4BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumFruit qualityQTLCandidate genesOrganic acid
spellingShingle Heeduk Oh
Molla F. Mengist
Guoying Ma
Lara Giongo
Marti Pottorff
Jessica A. Spencer
Penelope Perkins-Veazie
Massimo Iorizzo
Unraveling the genetic architecture of blueberry fruit quality traits: major loci control organic acid content while more complex genetic mechanisms control texture and sugar content
BMC Plant Biology
Blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosum
Fruit quality
QTL
Candidate genes
Organic acid
title Unraveling the genetic architecture of blueberry fruit quality traits: major loci control organic acid content while more complex genetic mechanisms control texture and sugar content
title_full Unraveling the genetic architecture of blueberry fruit quality traits: major loci control organic acid content while more complex genetic mechanisms control texture and sugar content
title_fullStr Unraveling the genetic architecture of blueberry fruit quality traits: major loci control organic acid content while more complex genetic mechanisms control texture and sugar content
title_full_unstemmed Unraveling the genetic architecture of blueberry fruit quality traits: major loci control organic acid content while more complex genetic mechanisms control texture and sugar content
title_short Unraveling the genetic architecture of blueberry fruit quality traits: major loci control organic acid content while more complex genetic mechanisms control texture and sugar content
title_sort unraveling the genetic architecture of blueberry fruit quality traits major loci control organic acid content while more complex genetic mechanisms control texture and sugar content
topic Blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosum
Fruit quality
QTL
Candidate genes
Organic acid
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06061-4
work_keys_str_mv AT heedukoh unravelingthegeneticarchitectureofblueberryfruitqualitytraitsmajorlocicontrolorganicacidcontentwhilemorecomplexgeneticmechanismscontroltextureandsugarcontent
AT mollafmengist unravelingthegeneticarchitectureofblueberryfruitqualitytraitsmajorlocicontrolorganicacidcontentwhilemorecomplexgeneticmechanismscontroltextureandsugarcontent
AT guoyingma unravelingthegeneticarchitectureofblueberryfruitqualitytraitsmajorlocicontrolorganicacidcontentwhilemorecomplexgeneticmechanismscontroltextureandsugarcontent
AT laragiongo unravelingthegeneticarchitectureofblueberryfruitqualitytraitsmajorlocicontrolorganicacidcontentwhilemorecomplexgeneticmechanismscontroltextureandsugarcontent
AT martipottorff unravelingthegeneticarchitectureofblueberryfruitqualitytraitsmajorlocicontrolorganicacidcontentwhilemorecomplexgeneticmechanismscontroltextureandsugarcontent
AT jessicaaspencer unravelingthegeneticarchitectureofblueberryfruitqualitytraitsmajorlocicontrolorganicacidcontentwhilemorecomplexgeneticmechanismscontroltextureandsugarcontent
AT penelopeperkinsveazie unravelingthegeneticarchitectureofblueberryfruitqualitytraitsmajorlocicontrolorganicacidcontentwhilemorecomplexgeneticmechanismscontroltextureandsugarcontent
AT massimoiorizzo unravelingthegeneticarchitectureofblueberryfruitqualitytraitsmajorlocicontrolorganicacidcontentwhilemorecomplexgeneticmechanismscontroltextureandsugarcontent