Artificial intelligence in risk prediction and diagnosis of vertebral fractures

Abstract With the increasing prevalence of vertebral fractures, accurate diagnosis and prognostication are essential. This study assesses the effectiveness of AI in diagnosing and predicting vertebral fractures through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive search across major databa...

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Main Authors: Srikar R. Namireddy, Saran S. Gill, Amaan Peerbhai, Abith G. Kamath, Daniele S. C. Ramsay, Hariharan Subbiah Ponniah, Ahmed Salih, Dragan Jankovic, Darius Kalasauskas, Jonathan Neuhoff, Andreas Kramer, Salvatore Russo, Santhosh G. Thavarajasingam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-12-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75628-2
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author Srikar R. Namireddy
Saran S. Gill
Amaan Peerbhai
Abith G. Kamath
Daniele S. C. Ramsay
Hariharan Subbiah Ponniah
Ahmed Salih
Dragan Jankovic
Darius Kalasauskas
Jonathan Neuhoff
Andreas Kramer
Salvatore Russo
Santhosh G. Thavarajasingam
author_facet Srikar R. Namireddy
Saran S. Gill
Amaan Peerbhai
Abith G. Kamath
Daniele S. C. Ramsay
Hariharan Subbiah Ponniah
Ahmed Salih
Dragan Jankovic
Darius Kalasauskas
Jonathan Neuhoff
Andreas Kramer
Salvatore Russo
Santhosh G. Thavarajasingam
author_sort Srikar R. Namireddy
collection DOAJ
description Abstract With the increasing prevalence of vertebral fractures, accurate diagnosis and prognostication are essential. This study assesses the effectiveness of AI in diagnosing and predicting vertebral fractures through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive search across major databases selected studies utilizing AI for vertebral fracture diagnosis or prognosis. Out of 14,161 studies initially identified, 79 were included, with 40 undergoing meta-analysis. Diagnostic models were stratified by pathology: non-pathological vertebral fractures, osteoporotic vertebral fractures, and vertebral compression fractures. The primary outcome measure was AUROC. AI showed high accuracy in diagnosing and predicting vertebral fractures: predictive AUROC = 0.82, osteoporotic vertebral fracture diagnosis AUROC = 0.92, non-pathological vertebral fracture diagnosis AUROC = 0.85, and vertebral compression fracture diagnosis AUROC = 0.87, all significant (p < 0.001). Traditional models had the highest median AUROC (0.90) for fracture prediction, while deep learning models excelled in diagnosing all fracture types. High heterogeneity (I² > 99%, p < 0.001) indicated significant variation in model design and performance. AI technologies show considerable promise in improving the diagnosis and prognostication of vertebral fractures, with high accuracy. However, observed heterogeneity and study biases necessitate further research. Future efforts should focus on standardizing AI models and validating them across diverse datasets to ensure clinical utility.
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spelling doaj-art-daed93ce69b74596821cf8baefb8f7c92025-08-20T02:31:54ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-12-0114111610.1038/s41598-024-75628-2Artificial intelligence in risk prediction and diagnosis of vertebral fracturesSrikar R. Namireddy0Saran S. Gill1Amaan Peerbhai2Abith G. Kamath3Daniele S. C. Ramsay4Hariharan Subbiah Ponniah5Ahmed Salih6Dragan Jankovic7Darius Kalasauskas8Jonathan Neuhoff9Andreas Kramer10Salvatore Russo11Santhosh G. Thavarajasingam12Imperial Brain & Spine Initiative, Imperial College LondonImperial Brain & Spine Initiative, Imperial College LondonImperial Brain & Spine Initiative, Imperial College LondonImperial Brain & Spine Initiative, Imperial College LondonImperial Brain & Spine Initiative, Imperial College LondonImperial Brain & Spine Initiative, Imperial College LondonImperial Brain & Spine Initiative, Imperial College LondonDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center MainzDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center MainzCenter for Spinal Surgery and Neurotraumatology, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am MainDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center MainzDepartment of Neurosurgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustImperial Brain & Spine Initiative, Imperial College LondonAbstract With the increasing prevalence of vertebral fractures, accurate diagnosis and prognostication are essential. This study assesses the effectiveness of AI in diagnosing and predicting vertebral fractures through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive search across major databases selected studies utilizing AI for vertebral fracture diagnosis or prognosis. Out of 14,161 studies initially identified, 79 were included, with 40 undergoing meta-analysis. Diagnostic models were stratified by pathology: non-pathological vertebral fractures, osteoporotic vertebral fractures, and vertebral compression fractures. The primary outcome measure was AUROC. AI showed high accuracy in diagnosing and predicting vertebral fractures: predictive AUROC = 0.82, osteoporotic vertebral fracture diagnosis AUROC = 0.92, non-pathological vertebral fracture diagnosis AUROC = 0.85, and vertebral compression fracture diagnosis AUROC = 0.87, all significant (p < 0.001). Traditional models had the highest median AUROC (0.90) for fracture prediction, while deep learning models excelled in diagnosing all fracture types. High heterogeneity (I² > 99%, p < 0.001) indicated significant variation in model design and performance. AI technologies show considerable promise in improving the diagnosis and prognostication of vertebral fractures, with high accuracy. However, observed heterogeneity and study biases necessitate further research. Future efforts should focus on standardizing AI models and validating them across diverse datasets to ensure clinical utility.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75628-2Artificial intelligenceMachine learningOsteoporotic vertebral fracturesNon-pathological vertebral fracturesVertebral compression fracturesML
spellingShingle Srikar R. Namireddy
Saran S. Gill
Amaan Peerbhai
Abith G. Kamath
Daniele S. C. Ramsay
Hariharan Subbiah Ponniah
Ahmed Salih
Dragan Jankovic
Darius Kalasauskas
Jonathan Neuhoff
Andreas Kramer
Salvatore Russo
Santhosh G. Thavarajasingam
Artificial intelligence in risk prediction and diagnosis of vertebral fractures
Scientific Reports
Artificial intelligence
Machine learning
Osteoporotic vertebral fractures
Non-pathological vertebral fractures
Vertebral compression fractures
ML
title Artificial intelligence in risk prediction and diagnosis of vertebral fractures
title_full Artificial intelligence in risk prediction and diagnosis of vertebral fractures
title_fullStr Artificial intelligence in risk prediction and diagnosis of vertebral fractures
title_full_unstemmed Artificial intelligence in risk prediction and diagnosis of vertebral fractures
title_short Artificial intelligence in risk prediction and diagnosis of vertebral fractures
title_sort artificial intelligence in risk prediction and diagnosis of vertebral fractures
topic Artificial intelligence
Machine learning
Osteoporotic vertebral fractures
Non-pathological vertebral fractures
Vertebral compression fractures
ML
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75628-2
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