Urban-Rural Differences in Bone Mineral Density: A Cross Sectional Analysis Based on the Hyderabad Indian Migration Study.
<h4>Background</h4>Fracture risk is rising in countries undergoing rapid rural to urban migration, but whether this reflects an adverse effect of urbanization on intrinsic bone strength, as reflected by bone mineral density (BMD), is currently unknown.<h4>Methods</h4>Lumbar s...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2015-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140787 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850162197610627072 |
|---|---|
| author | Heli T Viljakainen Yoav Ben-Shlomo Sanjay Kinra Shah Ebrahim Hannah Kuper K V Radhakrishna Bharati Kulkarni Jon H Tobias |
| author_facet | Heli T Viljakainen Yoav Ben-Shlomo Sanjay Kinra Shah Ebrahim Hannah Kuper K V Radhakrishna Bharati Kulkarni Jon H Tobias |
| author_sort | Heli T Viljakainen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Fracture risk is rising in countries undergoing rapid rural to urban migration, but whether this reflects an adverse effect of urbanization on intrinsic bone strength, as reflected by bone mineral density (BMD), is currently unknown.<h4>Methods</h4>Lumbar spine (LS) and total hip (TH) BMD, and total body fat and lean mass, were obtained from DXA scans performed in the Hyderabad arm of the Indian Migration Study (54% male, mean age 49 years). Sib-pair comparisons were performed between rural-urban migrants (RUM) and rural non-migrated (RNM) siblings (N = 185 sib-pairs).<h4>Results</h4>In analyses adjusted for height, gender, age and occupation, rural to urban migration was associated with higher lumbar and hip BMD and greater predicted hip strength; ΔLS BMD 0.030 (0.005, 0.055) g/cm2, ΔTH BMD 0.044 (0.024; 0.064) g/cm2, Δcross-sectional moment of inertia 0.162 (0.036, 0.289) cm4. These differences were largely attenuated after adjusting for body composition, insulin levels and current lifestyle factors ie. years of smoking, alcohol consumption and moderate to vigorous physical activity. Further analyses suggested that differences in lean mass, and to a lesser extent fat mass, largely explained the BMD differences which we observed.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Rural to urban migration as an adult is associated with higher BMD and greater predicted hip strength, reflecting associated alterations in body composition. It remains to be seen how differences in BMD between migration groups will translate into fracture risk in becoming years. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dae7e2d44ffb4e24b2b80435c0e72284 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-dae7e2d44ffb4e24b2b80435c0e722842025-08-20T02:22:37ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032015-01-011010e014078710.1371/journal.pone.0140787Urban-Rural Differences in Bone Mineral Density: A Cross Sectional Analysis Based on the Hyderabad Indian Migration Study.Heli T ViljakainenYoav Ben-ShlomoSanjay KinraShah EbrahimHannah KuperK V RadhakrishnaBharati KulkarniJon H Tobias<h4>Background</h4>Fracture risk is rising in countries undergoing rapid rural to urban migration, but whether this reflects an adverse effect of urbanization on intrinsic bone strength, as reflected by bone mineral density (BMD), is currently unknown.<h4>Methods</h4>Lumbar spine (LS) and total hip (TH) BMD, and total body fat and lean mass, were obtained from DXA scans performed in the Hyderabad arm of the Indian Migration Study (54% male, mean age 49 years). Sib-pair comparisons were performed between rural-urban migrants (RUM) and rural non-migrated (RNM) siblings (N = 185 sib-pairs).<h4>Results</h4>In analyses adjusted for height, gender, age and occupation, rural to urban migration was associated with higher lumbar and hip BMD and greater predicted hip strength; ΔLS BMD 0.030 (0.005, 0.055) g/cm2, ΔTH BMD 0.044 (0.024; 0.064) g/cm2, Δcross-sectional moment of inertia 0.162 (0.036, 0.289) cm4. These differences were largely attenuated after adjusting for body composition, insulin levels and current lifestyle factors ie. years of smoking, alcohol consumption and moderate to vigorous physical activity. Further analyses suggested that differences in lean mass, and to a lesser extent fat mass, largely explained the BMD differences which we observed.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Rural to urban migration as an adult is associated with higher BMD and greater predicted hip strength, reflecting associated alterations in body composition. It remains to be seen how differences in BMD between migration groups will translate into fracture risk in becoming years.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140787 |
| spellingShingle | Heli T Viljakainen Yoav Ben-Shlomo Sanjay Kinra Shah Ebrahim Hannah Kuper K V Radhakrishna Bharati Kulkarni Jon H Tobias Urban-Rural Differences in Bone Mineral Density: A Cross Sectional Analysis Based on the Hyderabad Indian Migration Study. PLoS ONE |
| title | Urban-Rural Differences in Bone Mineral Density: A Cross Sectional Analysis Based on the Hyderabad Indian Migration Study. |
| title_full | Urban-Rural Differences in Bone Mineral Density: A Cross Sectional Analysis Based on the Hyderabad Indian Migration Study. |
| title_fullStr | Urban-Rural Differences in Bone Mineral Density: A Cross Sectional Analysis Based on the Hyderabad Indian Migration Study. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urban-Rural Differences in Bone Mineral Density: A Cross Sectional Analysis Based on the Hyderabad Indian Migration Study. |
| title_short | Urban-Rural Differences in Bone Mineral Density: A Cross Sectional Analysis Based on the Hyderabad Indian Migration Study. |
| title_sort | urban rural differences in bone mineral density a cross sectional analysis based on the hyderabad indian migration study |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140787 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT helitviljakainen urbanruraldifferencesinbonemineraldensityacrosssectionalanalysisbasedonthehyderabadindianmigrationstudy AT yoavbenshlomo urbanruraldifferencesinbonemineraldensityacrosssectionalanalysisbasedonthehyderabadindianmigrationstudy AT sanjaykinra urbanruraldifferencesinbonemineraldensityacrosssectionalanalysisbasedonthehyderabadindianmigrationstudy AT shahebrahim urbanruraldifferencesinbonemineraldensityacrosssectionalanalysisbasedonthehyderabadindianmigrationstudy AT hannahkuper urbanruraldifferencesinbonemineraldensityacrosssectionalanalysisbasedonthehyderabadindianmigrationstudy AT kvradhakrishna urbanruraldifferencesinbonemineraldensityacrosssectionalanalysisbasedonthehyderabadindianmigrationstudy AT bharatikulkarni urbanruraldifferencesinbonemineraldensityacrosssectionalanalysisbasedonthehyderabadindianmigrationstudy AT jonhtobias urbanruraldifferencesinbonemineraldensityacrosssectionalanalysisbasedonthehyderabadindianmigrationstudy |