What determines outward FDI in developing blocs? A new empirical comparative macroeconomic perspective of post 1990s

This study compares the relationships between important macroeconomic variables and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in the economies of the BRICS and N-11 countries between 1990 and 2019. The analysis employs a comprehensive econometric framework, with ordinary least squares (OLS) serving a...

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Main Authors: Saileja Mohanty, Narayan Sethi, Devi Prasad Dash
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Heliyon
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024163517
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author Saileja Mohanty
Narayan Sethi
Devi Prasad Dash
author_facet Saileja Mohanty
Narayan Sethi
Devi Prasad Dash
author_sort Saileja Mohanty
collection DOAJ
description This study compares the relationships between important macroeconomic variables and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in the economies of the BRICS and N-11 countries between 1990 and 2019. The analysis employs a comprehensive econometric framework, with ordinary least squares (OLS) serving as the baseline model, followed by three-stage least squares (3SLS) to account for simultaneous relationships, and the generalized method of moments (GMM) for the robustness check to handle any endogeneity. The primary macroeconomic factors that are examined are GDP, financial development, trade openness, technological advancement, human capital, and inward foreign direct investment. The empirical results verify that, in both groups of economies, OFDI has a long-term positive and significant correlation with GDP, financial development, and trade openness. GDP is also identified as a critical outcome variable in the 3SLS model, which shows that higher GDP levels are associated with increased trade openness, financial development, and OFDI. There is conflicting evidence regarding the magnitude and statistical significance of these associations, and their direction and strength differ among models and country groups. These results demonstrate the intricate relationship between OFDI and macroeconomic factors, emphasizing the necessity of distinct policy strategies adapted to the institutional and structural realities of the N-11 and BRICS economies.
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spelling doaj-art-dae3fcc2e92943bf88f6bef3b5ab78a02025-08-20T02:49:53ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-12-011023e4032010.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40320What determines outward FDI in developing blocs? A new empirical comparative macroeconomic perspective of post 1990sSaileja Mohanty0Narayan Sethi1Devi Prasad Dash2Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, IndiaDepartment of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India; Corresponding author.School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342030, Rajasthan, IndiaThis study compares the relationships between important macroeconomic variables and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in the economies of the BRICS and N-11 countries between 1990 and 2019. The analysis employs a comprehensive econometric framework, with ordinary least squares (OLS) serving as the baseline model, followed by three-stage least squares (3SLS) to account for simultaneous relationships, and the generalized method of moments (GMM) for the robustness check to handle any endogeneity. The primary macroeconomic factors that are examined are GDP, financial development, trade openness, technological advancement, human capital, and inward foreign direct investment. The empirical results verify that, in both groups of economies, OFDI has a long-term positive and significant correlation with GDP, financial development, and trade openness. GDP is also identified as a critical outcome variable in the 3SLS model, which shows that higher GDP levels are associated with increased trade openness, financial development, and OFDI. There is conflicting evidence regarding the magnitude and statistical significance of these associations, and their direction and strength differ among models and country groups. These results demonstrate the intricate relationship between OFDI and macroeconomic factors, emphasizing the necessity of distinct policy strategies adapted to the institutional and structural realities of the N-11 and BRICS economies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024163517Outward FDITrade opennessHuman capitalBRICSN-11 countriesGDP growth
spellingShingle Saileja Mohanty
Narayan Sethi
Devi Prasad Dash
What determines outward FDI in developing blocs? A new empirical comparative macroeconomic perspective of post 1990s
Heliyon
Outward FDI
Trade openness
Human capital
BRICS
N-11 countries
GDP growth
title What determines outward FDI in developing blocs? A new empirical comparative macroeconomic perspective of post 1990s
title_full What determines outward FDI in developing blocs? A new empirical comparative macroeconomic perspective of post 1990s
title_fullStr What determines outward FDI in developing blocs? A new empirical comparative macroeconomic perspective of post 1990s
title_full_unstemmed What determines outward FDI in developing blocs? A new empirical comparative macroeconomic perspective of post 1990s
title_short What determines outward FDI in developing blocs? A new empirical comparative macroeconomic perspective of post 1990s
title_sort what determines outward fdi in developing blocs a new empirical comparative macroeconomic perspective of post 1990s
topic Outward FDI
Trade openness
Human capital
BRICS
N-11 countries
GDP growth
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024163517
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