A UAV-Assisted STAR-RIS Network with a NOMA System
In this paper, we investigate a simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS)-assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication system where the STAR-RIS is mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with adjustable altitude. Due to severe blockag...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Jiyin Lan Yuyang Peng Mohammad Meraj Mirza Fawaz AL-Hazemi |
| author_facet | Jiyin Lan Yuyang Peng Mohammad Meraj Mirza Fawaz AL-Hazemi |
| author_sort | Jiyin Lan |
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| description | In this paper, we investigate a simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS)-assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication system where the STAR-RIS is mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with adjustable altitude. Due to severe blockages in urban environments, direct links from the base station (BS) to users are assumed unavailable, and signal transmission is realized via the STAR-RIS. We formulate a joint optimization problem that maximizes the system sum rate by jointly optimizing the UAV’s altitude, BS beamforming vectors, and the STAR-RIS phase shifts, while considering Rician fading channels with altitude-dependent Rician factors. To tackle the maximum achievable rate problem, we adopt a block-wise optimization framework and employ semidefinite relaxation and gradient descent methods. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves up to 22% improvement in achievable rate and significant reduction in bit error rate (BER) compared to benchmark schemes, demonstrating its effectiveness in integrating STAR-RIS and UAV in NOMA networks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dae3673065a14f488f01b62aa7fa03ea |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2227-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mathematics |
| spelling | doaj-art-dae3673065a14f488f01b62aa7fa03ea2025-08-20T02:35:47ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-06-011313206310.3390/math13132063A UAV-Assisted STAR-RIS Network with a NOMA SystemJiyin Lan0Yuyang Peng1Mohammad Meraj Mirza2Fawaz AL-Hazemi3School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, ChinaSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, ChinaDepartment of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Computer and Network Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi ArabiaIn this paper, we investigate a simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS)-assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication system where the STAR-RIS is mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with adjustable altitude. Due to severe blockages in urban environments, direct links from the base station (BS) to users are assumed unavailable, and signal transmission is realized via the STAR-RIS. We formulate a joint optimization problem that maximizes the system sum rate by jointly optimizing the UAV’s altitude, BS beamforming vectors, and the STAR-RIS phase shifts, while considering Rician fading channels with altitude-dependent Rician factors. To tackle the maximum achievable rate problem, we adopt a block-wise optimization framework and employ semidefinite relaxation and gradient descent methods. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves up to 22% improvement in achievable rate and significant reduction in bit error rate (BER) compared to benchmark schemes, demonstrating its effectiveness in integrating STAR-RIS and UAV in NOMA networks.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/13/2063reconfigurable intelligent surfacesnon-orthogonal multiple accessunmanned aerial vehicle |
| spellingShingle | Jiyin Lan Yuyang Peng Mohammad Meraj Mirza Fawaz AL-Hazemi A UAV-Assisted STAR-RIS Network with a NOMA System Mathematics reconfigurable intelligent surfaces non-orthogonal multiple access unmanned aerial vehicle |
| title | A UAV-Assisted STAR-RIS Network with a NOMA System |
| title_full | A UAV-Assisted STAR-RIS Network with a NOMA System |
| title_fullStr | A UAV-Assisted STAR-RIS Network with a NOMA System |
| title_full_unstemmed | A UAV-Assisted STAR-RIS Network with a NOMA System |
| title_short | A UAV-Assisted STAR-RIS Network with a NOMA System |
| title_sort | uav assisted star ris network with a noma system |
| topic | reconfigurable intelligent surfaces non-orthogonal multiple access unmanned aerial vehicle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/13/2063 |
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