The impact of loneliness on depression among college students: the mediating role of problematic internet use and the moderating role of perceived social support

Abstract Background Research on the relationship between these two phenomena has become a focal point in academia; however, the mechanisms through which loneliness affects depression in college students remain unclear. Our findings enhance our understanding of the complex interplay among loneliness,...

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Main Authors: Zhang-Lian Xie, Kai-Peng Gan, Jun Li, Long-Wei Qin, Yi-Ting Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23759-0
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author Zhang-Lian Xie
Kai-Peng Gan
Jun Li
Long-Wei Qin
Yi-Ting Wu
author_facet Zhang-Lian Xie
Kai-Peng Gan
Jun Li
Long-Wei Qin
Yi-Ting Wu
author_sort Zhang-Lian Xie
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Research on the relationship between these two phenomena has become a focal point in academia; however, the mechanisms through which loneliness affects depression in college students remain unclear. Our findings enhance our understanding of the complex interplay among loneliness, problematic internet use (PIU), and perceived social support in the mechanisms underlying depression in college students, and underscore the importance of addressing depression within interventions aimed at reducing loneliness. Methods The present study, using a sample of Chinese college students, investigates the impact of loneliness on depression and the roles of PIU and perceived social support in this relationship. To explore the relationships among the variables, we employed SPSS and the SPSS PROCESS macro to conduct reliability assessments, correlation analyses, mediation tests, and moderation analyses. Results The results indicate that loneliness serves as a significant positive predictor of depression among college students, with PIU acting as a mediator in the relationship between the two variables. Perceived social support moderates the direct effect of PIU on depression. Conclusion The results suggest that, in light of the direct impact of loneliness on depression among college students, along with the mediating roles of PIU and perceived social support in this relationship, interventions designed to alleviate loneliness are essential for preventing the onset of depression, alleviating depressive symptoms, and mitigating PIU. Educators can collaborate with parents, establish mentorship programs, and enhance the campus environment to provide support. Furthermore, policymakers in higher education and online platform designers can leverage these findings to establish a more supportive environment for mitigating depression risk.
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spelling doaj-art-dae290d7593a4fa5a71b9e20bc5c43b32025-08-20T04:02:42ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-07-0125111310.1186/s12889-025-23759-0The impact of loneliness on depression among college students: the mediating role of problematic internet use and the moderating role of perceived social supportZhang-Lian Xie0Kai-Peng Gan1Jun Li2Long-Wei Qin3Yi-Ting Wu4School of Educational Science, Gannan Normal UniversitySchool of Low and Political Science, Yunnan University of Finance and EconomicsSchool of Low and Political Science, Yunnan University of Finance and EconomicsSchool of Low and Political Science, Yunnan University of Finance and EconomicsChangxin International College of Art, Yunnan UniversityAbstract Background Research on the relationship between these two phenomena has become a focal point in academia; however, the mechanisms through which loneliness affects depression in college students remain unclear. Our findings enhance our understanding of the complex interplay among loneliness, problematic internet use (PIU), and perceived social support in the mechanisms underlying depression in college students, and underscore the importance of addressing depression within interventions aimed at reducing loneliness. Methods The present study, using a sample of Chinese college students, investigates the impact of loneliness on depression and the roles of PIU and perceived social support in this relationship. To explore the relationships among the variables, we employed SPSS and the SPSS PROCESS macro to conduct reliability assessments, correlation analyses, mediation tests, and moderation analyses. Results The results indicate that loneliness serves as a significant positive predictor of depression among college students, with PIU acting as a mediator in the relationship between the two variables. Perceived social support moderates the direct effect of PIU on depression. Conclusion The results suggest that, in light of the direct impact of loneliness on depression among college students, along with the mediating roles of PIU and perceived social support in this relationship, interventions designed to alleviate loneliness are essential for preventing the onset of depression, alleviating depressive symptoms, and mitigating PIU. Educators can collaborate with parents, establish mentorship programs, and enhance the campus environment to provide support. Furthermore, policymakers in higher education and online platform designers can leverage these findings to establish a more supportive environment for mitigating depression risk.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23759-0LonelinessDepressionProblematic internet usePerceived social supportCollege students
spellingShingle Zhang-Lian Xie
Kai-Peng Gan
Jun Li
Long-Wei Qin
Yi-Ting Wu
The impact of loneliness on depression among college students: the mediating role of problematic internet use and the moderating role of perceived social support
BMC Public Health
Loneliness
Depression
Problematic internet use
Perceived social support
College students
title The impact of loneliness on depression among college students: the mediating role of problematic internet use and the moderating role of perceived social support
title_full The impact of loneliness on depression among college students: the mediating role of problematic internet use and the moderating role of perceived social support
title_fullStr The impact of loneliness on depression among college students: the mediating role of problematic internet use and the moderating role of perceived social support
title_full_unstemmed The impact of loneliness on depression among college students: the mediating role of problematic internet use and the moderating role of perceived social support
title_short The impact of loneliness on depression among college students: the mediating role of problematic internet use and the moderating role of perceived social support
title_sort impact of loneliness on depression among college students the mediating role of problematic internet use and the moderating role of perceived social support
topic Loneliness
Depression
Problematic internet use
Perceived social support
College students
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23759-0
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