Sustainable Valorization of Rice Straw into Biochar and Carbon Dots Using a Novel One-Pot Approach for Dual Applications in Detection and Removal of Lead Ions
Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal that causes significant health hazards and environmental damage. Thus, the detection and removal of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions in freshwater sources are imperative for safeguarding public health and the environment. Moreover, the transformation of single...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/1/66 |
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| Summary: | Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal that causes significant health hazards and environmental damage. Thus, the detection and removal of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions in freshwater sources are imperative for safeguarding public health and the environment. Moreover, the transformation of single resources into multiple high-value products is vital for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). In this regard, the present work focused on the preparation of two efficient materials, i.e., biochar (R-BC) and carbon dots (R-CDs) from a single resource (rice straw), via a novel approach by using extraction and hydrothermal process. The various microscopic and spectroscopy techniques confirmed the formation of porous structure and spherical morphology of R-BC and R-CDs, respectively. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl (–OH), carboxyl (–COO) and amine (N–H) groups on the R-CDs’ surface. The obtained blue luminescent R-CDs were employed as chemosensors for the detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions. The sensor exhibited a strong linear correlation over a concentration range of 1 µM to 100 µM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.11 µM. Furthermore, the BET analysis of R-BC indicated a surface area of 1.71 m<sup>2</sup>/g and a monolayer volume of 0.0081 cm<sup>3</sup>/g, supporting its adsorption potential for Pb<sup>2+</sup>. The R-BC showed excellent removal efficiency of 77.61%. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and second-order kinetics. Therefore, the dual use of rice straw-derived provides a cost-effective, environmentally friendly solution for Pb<sup>2+</sup> detection and remediation to accomplish the SDGs. |
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| ISSN: | 2079-4991 |