Gut reactions: harnessing microbial metabolism to fuel next-generation cancer immunotherapy

Immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapies, depend heavily on a healthy and diverse gut microbiome for optimal efficacy. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in gut microbial composition and function, can diminish immunotherapy responses by altering...

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Main Authors: Laurence Zitvogel, Andrew A. Almonte
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-04-01
Series:Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
Online Access:https://jitc.bmj.com/content/13/4/e011540.full
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author Laurence Zitvogel
Andrew A. Almonte
author_facet Laurence Zitvogel
Andrew A. Almonte
author_sort Laurence Zitvogel
collection DOAJ
description Immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapies, depend heavily on a healthy and diverse gut microbiome for optimal efficacy. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in gut microbial composition and function, can diminish immunotherapy responses by altering immune cell trafficking and metabolic output. Key microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and modified bile acids shape host immunity and influence T-cell function, while their disruption can foster an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Emerging strategies to restore a balanced microbiome and boost treatment outcomes include dietary interventions, supplementation with beneficial microbes, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Despite these advances, challenges remain in defining dysbiosis, identifying reliable biomarkers, and tailoring microbiota-centered interventions. Nevertheless, as our understanding evolves, the gut microbiome holds promise as an integral component of personalized cancer immunotherapy.
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series Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
spelling doaj-art-dad197308ae1480eb339b6083110f2fa2025-08-20T02:12:46ZengBMJ Publishing GroupJournal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer2051-14262025-04-0113410.1136/jitc-2025-011540Gut reactions: harnessing microbial metabolism to fuel next-generation cancer immunotherapyLaurence Zitvogel0Andrew A. Almonte11Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Ile-de-France, France1 Clinicobiome, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, FranceImmunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapies, depend heavily on a healthy and diverse gut microbiome for optimal efficacy. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in gut microbial composition and function, can diminish immunotherapy responses by altering immune cell trafficking and metabolic output. Key microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and modified bile acids shape host immunity and influence T-cell function, while their disruption can foster an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Emerging strategies to restore a balanced microbiome and boost treatment outcomes include dietary interventions, supplementation with beneficial microbes, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Despite these advances, challenges remain in defining dysbiosis, identifying reliable biomarkers, and tailoring microbiota-centered interventions. Nevertheless, as our understanding evolves, the gut microbiome holds promise as an integral component of personalized cancer immunotherapy.https://jitc.bmj.com/content/13/4/e011540.full
spellingShingle Laurence Zitvogel
Andrew A. Almonte
Gut reactions: harnessing microbial metabolism to fuel next-generation cancer immunotherapy
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
title Gut reactions: harnessing microbial metabolism to fuel next-generation cancer immunotherapy
title_full Gut reactions: harnessing microbial metabolism to fuel next-generation cancer immunotherapy
title_fullStr Gut reactions: harnessing microbial metabolism to fuel next-generation cancer immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Gut reactions: harnessing microbial metabolism to fuel next-generation cancer immunotherapy
title_short Gut reactions: harnessing microbial metabolism to fuel next-generation cancer immunotherapy
title_sort gut reactions harnessing microbial metabolism to fuel next generation cancer immunotherapy
url https://jitc.bmj.com/content/13/4/e011540.full
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