Underwater Magnetic Sensors Network
This study explores the design and performance of an underwater magnetic sensor network (UMSN) tailored for intrusion detection in complex environments such as riverbeds and areas with dense vegetation. The system utilizes wireless sensor network (WSN) principles and integrates AMR-based magnetic se...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2493 |
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| author | Arkadiusz Adamczyk Maciej Klebba Mariusz Wąż Ivan Pavić |
| author_facet | Arkadiusz Adamczyk Maciej Klebba Mariusz Wąż Ivan Pavić |
| author_sort | Arkadiusz Adamczyk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study explores the design and performance of an underwater magnetic sensor network (UMSN) tailored for intrusion detection in complex environments such as riverbeds and areas with dense vegetation. The system utilizes wireless sensor network (WSN) principles and integrates AMR-based magnetic sensors (e.g., LSM303AGR) with MEMS-based accelerometers to provide accurate and high-resolution magnetic field measurements. Extensive calibration techniques were employed to correct hard-iron and soft-iron distortions, ensuring reliable performance in fluctuating environmental conditions. Field tests included both controlled setups and real-world scenarios, such as detecting intrusions across river sections, shorelines, and coordinated land-water activities. The results showed detection rates consistently above 90%, with response times averaging 2.5 s and a maximum detection range of 5 m. The system also performed well under adverse weather conditions, including fog and rain, demonstrating its adaptability. The findings underline the potential of UMSN as a scalable and cost-efficient solution for monitoring sensitive areas. By addressing the limitations of traditional surveillance systems, this research offers a practical framework for enhancing security in critical regions, laying the groundwork for future developments in magnetic sensor technology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dac9a6652ae94fbfade50226dd746f56 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-dac9a6652ae94fbfade50226dd746f562025-08-20T02:25:02ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-04-01258249310.3390/s25082493Underwater Magnetic Sensors NetworkArkadiusz Adamczyk0Maciej Klebba1Mariusz Wąż2Ivan Pavić3Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Polish Naval Academy, Śmidowicza 69 Str., 81-127 Gdynia, PolandFaculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Polish Naval Academy, Śmidowicza 69 Str., 81-127 Gdynia, PolandFaculty of Navigation and Ship Armament, Polish Naval Academy, Śmidowicza 69 Str., 81-127 Gdynia, PolandDepartment for Marine Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, Faculty of Maritime Studies, Ruđera Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, CroatiaThis study explores the design and performance of an underwater magnetic sensor network (UMSN) tailored for intrusion detection in complex environments such as riverbeds and areas with dense vegetation. The system utilizes wireless sensor network (WSN) principles and integrates AMR-based magnetic sensors (e.g., LSM303AGR) with MEMS-based accelerometers to provide accurate and high-resolution magnetic field measurements. Extensive calibration techniques were employed to correct hard-iron and soft-iron distortions, ensuring reliable performance in fluctuating environmental conditions. Field tests included both controlled setups and real-world scenarios, such as detecting intrusions across river sections, shorelines, and coordinated land-water activities. The results showed detection rates consistently above 90%, with response times averaging 2.5 s and a maximum detection range of 5 m. The system also performed well under adverse weather conditions, including fog and rain, demonstrating its adaptability. The findings underline the potential of UMSN as a scalable and cost-efficient solution for monitoring sensitive areas. By addressing the limitations of traditional surveillance systems, this research offers a practical framework for enhancing security in critical regions, laying the groundwork for future developments in magnetic sensor technology.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2493underwater surveillancemagnetic sensorsunderwater sensing and detection |
| spellingShingle | Arkadiusz Adamczyk Maciej Klebba Mariusz Wąż Ivan Pavić Underwater Magnetic Sensors Network Sensors underwater surveillance magnetic sensors underwater sensing and detection |
| title | Underwater Magnetic Sensors Network |
| title_full | Underwater Magnetic Sensors Network |
| title_fullStr | Underwater Magnetic Sensors Network |
| title_full_unstemmed | Underwater Magnetic Sensors Network |
| title_short | Underwater Magnetic Sensors Network |
| title_sort | underwater magnetic sensors network |
| topic | underwater surveillance magnetic sensors underwater sensing and detection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2493 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT arkadiuszadamczyk underwatermagneticsensorsnetwork AT maciejklebba underwatermagneticsensorsnetwork AT mariuszwaz underwatermagneticsensorsnetwork AT ivanpavic underwatermagneticsensorsnetwork |