In vitro and in silico anthelmintic and antibacterial activity of Rubus ellipticus leaf extracts

Abstract Background Bacterial and helminthic evolution has resulted in a shocking development of antibiotic and anthelminthic resistance. Medicinal plants provide an encouraging source to develop new antibacterial and anthelmintic agents. Rubus ellipticus has been employed traditionally for medicina...

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Main Authors: Deepak Kumar, Adarsh Kumar, Ankit Kumar Singh, Harshwardhan Singh, Pradeep Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-06-01
Series:Discover Chemistry
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44371-025-00227-7
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author Deepak Kumar
Adarsh Kumar
Ankit Kumar Singh
Harshwardhan Singh
Pradeep Kumar
author_facet Deepak Kumar
Adarsh Kumar
Ankit Kumar Singh
Harshwardhan Singh
Pradeep Kumar
author_sort Deepak Kumar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Bacterial and helminthic evolution has resulted in a shocking development of antibiotic and anthelminthic resistance. Medicinal plants provide an encouraging source to develop new antibacterial and anthelmintic agents. Rubus ellipticus has been employed traditionally for medicinal purposes, yet its ability against microbial resistance remains to be unraveled. Methods The present work assessed the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anthelmintic activities of leaf extracts of R. ellipticus. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH, antibacterial activity was done with the serial dilution technique, and anthelmintic activity was performed by using Indian earthworms. Molecular docking experiments were also carried out by utilizing Maestro 12.7 (Schrodinger) in order to screen the interaction between phytoconstituents with bacterial as well as helminthic targets. Results The methanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (%RSA = 90.95 ± 0.47%) and was the most potent antibacterial, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 12.5 µg/mL against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Paralysis and death time of earthworms were significantly reduced by methanol and acetone extracts at 20 mg/mL (paralysis: 12 ± 1.00 min, death: 15.33 ± 1.20 min). The molecular docking outcomes showed that kaempferol, ellagic acid, gallic acid, rutin, anthocyanin, and quercetin had good binding affinities towards the target proteins. Conclusion The results indicated that R. ellipticus is a potential natural source of bioactive compounds with antibacterial and anthelmintic activity. Additional research, including in vivo and mechanistic studies, is suggested to confirm its therapeutic uses.
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spelling doaj-art-dab4fe8efb6b47a5a7482efa57b767342025-08-20T03:27:13ZengSpringerDiscover Chemistry3005-11932025-06-012111410.1007/s44371-025-00227-7In vitro and in silico anthelmintic and antibacterial activity of Rubus ellipticus leaf extractsDeepak Kumar0Adarsh Kumar1Ankit Kumar Singh2Harshwardhan Singh3Pradeep Kumar4Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of PunjabDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of PunjabDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of PunjabDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of PunjabDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of PunjabAbstract Background Bacterial and helminthic evolution has resulted in a shocking development of antibiotic and anthelminthic resistance. Medicinal plants provide an encouraging source to develop new antibacterial and anthelmintic agents. Rubus ellipticus has been employed traditionally for medicinal purposes, yet its ability against microbial resistance remains to be unraveled. Methods The present work assessed the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anthelmintic activities of leaf extracts of R. ellipticus. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH, antibacterial activity was done with the serial dilution technique, and anthelmintic activity was performed by using Indian earthworms. Molecular docking experiments were also carried out by utilizing Maestro 12.7 (Schrodinger) in order to screen the interaction between phytoconstituents with bacterial as well as helminthic targets. Results The methanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (%RSA = 90.95 ± 0.47%) and was the most potent antibacterial, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 12.5 µg/mL against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Paralysis and death time of earthworms were significantly reduced by methanol and acetone extracts at 20 mg/mL (paralysis: 12 ± 1.00 min, death: 15.33 ± 1.20 min). The molecular docking outcomes showed that kaempferol, ellagic acid, gallic acid, rutin, anthocyanin, and quercetin had good binding affinities towards the target proteins. Conclusion The results indicated that R. ellipticus is a potential natural source of bioactive compounds with antibacterial and anthelmintic activity. Additional research, including in vivo and mechanistic studies, is suggested to confirm its therapeutic uses.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44371-025-00227-7Rubus ellipticusAntibacterialAnthelminticMolecular dockingAntioxidant
spellingShingle Deepak Kumar
Adarsh Kumar
Ankit Kumar Singh
Harshwardhan Singh
Pradeep Kumar
In vitro and in silico anthelmintic and antibacterial activity of Rubus ellipticus leaf extracts
Discover Chemistry
Rubus ellipticus
Antibacterial
Anthelmintic
Molecular docking
Antioxidant
title In vitro and in silico anthelmintic and antibacterial activity of Rubus ellipticus leaf extracts
title_full In vitro and in silico anthelmintic and antibacterial activity of Rubus ellipticus leaf extracts
title_fullStr In vitro and in silico anthelmintic and antibacterial activity of Rubus ellipticus leaf extracts
title_full_unstemmed In vitro and in silico anthelmintic and antibacterial activity of Rubus ellipticus leaf extracts
title_short In vitro and in silico anthelmintic and antibacterial activity of Rubus ellipticus leaf extracts
title_sort in vitro and in silico anthelmintic and antibacterial activity of rubus ellipticus leaf extracts
topic Rubus ellipticus
Antibacterial
Anthelmintic
Molecular docking
Antioxidant
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44371-025-00227-7
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