Tunnel face rock mass class rapid identification based on TBM cutterhead vibration monitoring and deep learning model

Abstract Rapid identification of the rock mass condition at the tunnel face is a key problem for TBM operating parameters optimization and subsequent tunnel support measures selection. The vibration induced by the rock breaking contains essential information for evaluating the tunnel face condition....

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Main Authors: Qisheng Tang, Qingsong Hu, Ganggang Wang, Xiangjin Liu, Puyue Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96875-x
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author Qisheng Tang
Qingsong Hu
Ganggang Wang
Xiangjin Liu
Puyue Huang
author_facet Qisheng Tang
Qingsong Hu
Ganggang Wang
Xiangjin Liu
Puyue Huang
author_sort Qisheng Tang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Rapid identification of the rock mass condition at the tunnel face is a key problem for TBM operating parameters optimization and subsequent tunnel support measures selection. The vibration induced by the rock breaking contains essential information for evaluating the tunnel face condition. However, conventional vibration-based methods face difficulties in continuously obtaining vibration records for long tunnel sections. Additionally, there’s a lack of TBM cutterhead vibration monitoring, and they heavily depend on expertise and prior knowledge. In this study, an end-to-end deep learning (DL) method was developed for rock mass class identification of TBM tunnel working faces based on the measurement of TBM cutterhead vibration signals, including cutterhead vibration signal measurement, signal preprocessing, model training and optimization, and application verification. The model combines the advantages of 1DCNN, BiLSTM, and self-attention mechanisms, where the structural innovation of 1DCNN inspired by Inception v2 for multi-scale feature extraction. Which can automatically extract the spatial and temporal domain features in the signals to promptly identify the rock mass class at the working face without stopping the normal tunneling process. The accuracy on the test set is 95.89% compared to 85.34% for a traditional ML model, and it has better performance than other DL model architectures. The model underwent validation during subsequent TBM tunneling within the same project, successfully proving its practical reliability.
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spelling doaj-art-daab0a7261534d97a76ae1a5af4576d92025-08-20T02:25:40ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-96875-xTunnel face rock mass class rapid identification based on TBM cutterhead vibration monitoring and deep learning modelQisheng Tang0Qingsong Hu1Ganggang Wang2Xiangjin Liu3Puyue Huang4Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of TechnologyXinjiang Shuifa Construction Group Co., LtdXinjiang Shuifa Construction Group Co., LtdXinjiang Shuifa Construction Group Co., LtdXinjiang Shuifa Construction Group Co., LtdAbstract Rapid identification of the rock mass condition at the tunnel face is a key problem for TBM operating parameters optimization and subsequent tunnel support measures selection. The vibration induced by the rock breaking contains essential information for evaluating the tunnel face condition. However, conventional vibration-based methods face difficulties in continuously obtaining vibration records for long tunnel sections. Additionally, there’s a lack of TBM cutterhead vibration monitoring, and they heavily depend on expertise and prior knowledge. In this study, an end-to-end deep learning (DL) method was developed for rock mass class identification of TBM tunnel working faces based on the measurement of TBM cutterhead vibration signals, including cutterhead vibration signal measurement, signal preprocessing, model training and optimization, and application verification. The model combines the advantages of 1DCNN, BiLSTM, and self-attention mechanisms, where the structural innovation of 1DCNN inspired by Inception v2 for multi-scale feature extraction. Which can automatically extract the spatial and temporal domain features in the signals to promptly identify the rock mass class at the working face without stopping the normal tunneling process. The accuracy on the test set is 95.89% compared to 85.34% for a traditional ML model, and it has better performance than other DL model architectures. The model underwent validation during subsequent TBM tunneling within the same project, successfully proving its practical reliability.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96875-xTBMVibrationRock mass class identification1DCNNBiLSTM
spellingShingle Qisheng Tang
Qingsong Hu
Ganggang Wang
Xiangjin Liu
Puyue Huang
Tunnel face rock mass class rapid identification based on TBM cutterhead vibration monitoring and deep learning model
Scientific Reports
TBM
Vibration
Rock mass class identification
1DCNN
BiLSTM
title Tunnel face rock mass class rapid identification based on TBM cutterhead vibration monitoring and deep learning model
title_full Tunnel face rock mass class rapid identification based on TBM cutterhead vibration monitoring and deep learning model
title_fullStr Tunnel face rock mass class rapid identification based on TBM cutterhead vibration monitoring and deep learning model
title_full_unstemmed Tunnel face rock mass class rapid identification based on TBM cutterhead vibration monitoring and deep learning model
title_short Tunnel face rock mass class rapid identification based on TBM cutterhead vibration monitoring and deep learning model
title_sort tunnel face rock mass class rapid identification based on tbm cutterhead vibration monitoring and deep learning model
topic TBM
Vibration
Rock mass class identification
1DCNN
BiLSTM
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96875-x
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AT qingsonghu tunnelfacerockmassclassrapididentificationbasedontbmcutterheadvibrationmonitoringanddeeplearningmodel
AT ganggangwang tunnelfacerockmassclassrapididentificationbasedontbmcutterheadvibrationmonitoringanddeeplearningmodel
AT xiangjinliu tunnelfacerockmassclassrapididentificationbasedontbmcutterheadvibrationmonitoringanddeeplearningmodel
AT puyuehuang tunnelfacerockmassclassrapididentificationbasedontbmcutterheadvibrationmonitoringanddeeplearningmodel