Investigation of diesel engine characteristics under pilot injection mode using diesel-DTBP blends
Abstract Numerous studies have blended cetane number improver (CNI) in diesel engine fuels for compensating the drop in cetane number (CN) when alcohol/biodiesel fuel is blended with diesel fuel. However, the studies that focused on using CNI with neat diesel fuel (D100) are very limited. Moreover,...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05687-6 |
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| author | Hiren Dave Himanshu Choksi Md Irfanul Haque Siddiqui Saurav Dixit Anna Markiewicz |
| author_facet | Hiren Dave Himanshu Choksi Md Irfanul Haque Siddiqui Saurav Dixit Anna Markiewicz |
| author_sort | Hiren Dave |
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| description | Abstract Numerous studies have blended cetane number improver (CNI) in diesel engine fuels for compensating the drop in cetane number (CN) when alcohol/biodiesel fuel is blended with diesel fuel. However, the studies that focused on using CNI with neat diesel fuel (D100) are very limited. Moreover, the majority of the earlier studies that used CNI are based on conventional single injection (SI) only. The presented work experimentally investigates the influence of adding CNI in D100 on diesel engine combustion under pilot injection (PI) mode which can be of significant novelty. The importance of CNI is more significant under PI mode because it leads to more complete combustion of pilot fuel before the main injection starts. Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP) was used as CNI and added into D100 in concentration of 1% by volume. The SI with D100 was considered as a reference condition and the test engine was operated at fixed load and speed of 90% and 1600 rpm respectively. Preliminary experiments conducted with D100 showed that implementing PI offers a considerable reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions compared to SI while increasing smoke emissions. When DTBP was added in D100, it caused more complete and faster combustion of pilot fuel before commencement of main injection. The obtained results revealed that diesel/DTBP blend under PI mode with 10% pilot quantity and − 24° after top dead center (ATDC) pilot injection timing offered 20.8% and 64.29% reduction in NOx and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions respectively compared to the reference conditions while increasing smoke emissions by 71.42%. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-daa8e47ca9aa40c1ab9f8b9b9c0b036e2025-08-20T03:03:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-05687-6Investigation of diesel engine characteristics under pilot injection mode using diesel-DTBP blendsHiren Dave0Himanshu Choksi1Md Irfanul Haque Siddiqui2Saurav Dixit3Anna Markiewicz4Mechanical Engineering Department, Pandit Deendayal Energy UniversityChemical Engineering Department, Pandit Deendayal Energy UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud UniversityCentre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara UniversityInstitute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life SciencesAbstract Numerous studies have blended cetane number improver (CNI) in diesel engine fuels for compensating the drop in cetane number (CN) when alcohol/biodiesel fuel is blended with diesel fuel. However, the studies that focused on using CNI with neat diesel fuel (D100) are very limited. Moreover, the majority of the earlier studies that used CNI are based on conventional single injection (SI) only. The presented work experimentally investigates the influence of adding CNI in D100 on diesel engine combustion under pilot injection (PI) mode which can be of significant novelty. The importance of CNI is more significant under PI mode because it leads to more complete combustion of pilot fuel before the main injection starts. Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP) was used as CNI and added into D100 in concentration of 1% by volume. The SI with D100 was considered as a reference condition and the test engine was operated at fixed load and speed of 90% and 1600 rpm respectively. Preliminary experiments conducted with D100 showed that implementing PI offers a considerable reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions compared to SI while increasing smoke emissions. When DTBP was added in D100, it caused more complete and faster combustion of pilot fuel before commencement of main injection. The obtained results revealed that diesel/DTBP blend under PI mode with 10% pilot quantity and − 24° after top dead center (ATDC) pilot injection timing offered 20.8% and 64.29% reduction in NOx and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions respectively compared to the reference conditions while increasing smoke emissions by 71.42%.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05687-6Cetane number improverDTBPPilot injectionCombustion characteristicsEmission characteristics |
| spellingShingle | Hiren Dave Himanshu Choksi Md Irfanul Haque Siddiqui Saurav Dixit Anna Markiewicz Investigation of diesel engine characteristics under pilot injection mode using diesel-DTBP blends Scientific Reports Cetane number improver DTBP Pilot injection Combustion characteristics Emission characteristics |
| title | Investigation of diesel engine characteristics under pilot injection mode using diesel-DTBP blends |
| title_full | Investigation of diesel engine characteristics under pilot injection mode using diesel-DTBP blends |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of diesel engine characteristics under pilot injection mode using diesel-DTBP blends |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of diesel engine characteristics under pilot injection mode using diesel-DTBP blends |
| title_short | Investigation of diesel engine characteristics under pilot injection mode using diesel-DTBP blends |
| title_sort | investigation of diesel engine characteristics under pilot injection mode using diesel dtbp blends |
| topic | Cetane number improver DTBP Pilot injection Combustion characteristics Emission characteristics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05687-6 |
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