Cryo‐Exfoliation Synthesis of Borophene and its Application in Wearable Electronics
Abstract Borophene, an anisotropic Dirac Xene, exhibits diverse crystallographic phases, including metallic β₁₂, χ₃, and semiconducting α phases, alongside exceptional properties such as high electronic mobility, superior Young's modulus, thermal conductivity, superconductivity, and ferroelasti...
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Wiley
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202502257 |
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| author | Zhixuan Li Gaurav Pandey Arkamita Bandyopadhyay Kamlendra Awasthi John V. Kennedy Prashant Kumar Ajayan Vinu |
| author_facet | Zhixuan Li Gaurav Pandey Arkamita Bandyopadhyay Kamlendra Awasthi John V. Kennedy Prashant Kumar Ajayan Vinu |
| author_sort | Zhixuan Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Borophene, an anisotropic Dirac Xene, exhibits diverse crystallographic phases, including metallic β₁₂, χ₃, and semiconducting α phases, alongside exceptional properties such as high electronic mobility, superior Young's modulus, thermal conductivity, superconductivity, and ferroelasticity. These attributes position borophene as a promising material for energy storage, electrocatalysis, and wearable electronics. However, its widespread application is hindered by existing synthesis methods that are expensive, complex, and yield‐limited. This study presents a novel, cost‐effective, environmentally friendly cryo‐exfoliation method for borophene synthesis. Crystalline boron powder is rapidly quenched in liquid nitrogen and subjected to mild sonication, producing borophene with lateral dimensions of ≈50 to 10 µm and few‐layer thicknesses. Advanced characterizations, including Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), High‐Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Raman Spectroscopy, and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), confirm structural integrity, chemical purity, and minimal surface oxidation. Molecular dynamics simulations further elucidate the weakened inter‐layer coupling induced by cryo‐processing. The integration of borophene into Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposites demonstrates its potential for wearable electronics, achieving motion‐sensitive devices with outstanding performance, generating output voltages up to ≈40 V. This scalable cryo‐exfoliation approach paves the way for borophene‐based applications in energy harvesting, sensing, and next‐generation electronics. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-daa09f3abbfe400597c83c953ae89ae2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2198-3844 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Advanced Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-daa09f3abbfe400597c83c953ae89ae22025-08-20T03:36:57ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442025-07-011226n/an/a10.1002/advs.202502257Cryo‐Exfoliation Synthesis of Borophene and its Application in Wearable ElectronicsZhixuan Li0Gaurav Pandey1Arkamita Bandyopadhyay2Kamlendra Awasthi3John V. Kennedy4Prashant Kumar5Ajayan Vinu6Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials School of Engineering College of Engineering Science and Environment The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 AustraliaMalaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, Jhalana Gram, Malviya Nagar Jaipur Rajasthan 302017 IndiaInstitut für Physik Theoretische Physik Martin‐Luther‐Universität Halle‐Wittenber 06120 Halle GermanyMalaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, Jhalana Gram, Malviya Nagar Jaipur Rajasthan 302017 IndiaNational Isotope Centre 30 Gracefield Road, PO Box 30368 Lower Hutt Wellington 5040 New ZealandGlobal Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials School of Engineering College of Engineering Science and Environment The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 AustraliaGlobal Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials School of Engineering College of Engineering Science and Environment The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 AustraliaAbstract Borophene, an anisotropic Dirac Xene, exhibits diverse crystallographic phases, including metallic β₁₂, χ₃, and semiconducting α phases, alongside exceptional properties such as high electronic mobility, superior Young's modulus, thermal conductivity, superconductivity, and ferroelasticity. These attributes position borophene as a promising material for energy storage, electrocatalysis, and wearable electronics. However, its widespread application is hindered by existing synthesis methods that are expensive, complex, and yield‐limited. This study presents a novel, cost‐effective, environmentally friendly cryo‐exfoliation method for borophene synthesis. Crystalline boron powder is rapidly quenched in liquid nitrogen and subjected to mild sonication, producing borophene with lateral dimensions of ≈50 to 10 µm and few‐layer thicknesses. Advanced characterizations, including Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), High‐Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Raman Spectroscopy, and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), confirm structural integrity, chemical purity, and minimal surface oxidation. Molecular dynamics simulations further elucidate the weakened inter‐layer coupling induced by cryo‐processing. The integration of borophene into Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposites demonstrates its potential for wearable electronics, achieving motion‐sensitive devices with outstanding performance, generating output voltages up to ≈40 V. This scalable cryo‐exfoliation approach paves the way for borophene‐based applications in energy harvesting, sensing, and next‐generation electronics.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202502257borophenecryo‐exfoliationnanogenerator |
| spellingShingle | Zhixuan Li Gaurav Pandey Arkamita Bandyopadhyay Kamlendra Awasthi John V. Kennedy Prashant Kumar Ajayan Vinu Cryo‐Exfoliation Synthesis of Borophene and its Application in Wearable Electronics Advanced Science borophene cryo‐exfoliation nanogenerator |
| title | Cryo‐Exfoliation Synthesis of Borophene and its Application in Wearable Electronics |
| title_full | Cryo‐Exfoliation Synthesis of Borophene and its Application in Wearable Electronics |
| title_fullStr | Cryo‐Exfoliation Synthesis of Borophene and its Application in Wearable Electronics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cryo‐Exfoliation Synthesis of Borophene and its Application in Wearable Electronics |
| title_short | Cryo‐Exfoliation Synthesis of Borophene and its Application in Wearable Electronics |
| title_sort | cryo exfoliation synthesis of borophene and its application in wearable electronics |
| topic | borophene cryo‐exfoliation nanogenerator |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202502257 |
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