Transient study of beam instability due to beam loading in standing-wave low-energy electron linear accelerators

This work studies the transient beam instability caused by beam loading within the macropulse in standing-wave (SW) low-energy electron linear accelerators (linacs). A general model is presented to predict the transient outcomes of SW linacs with arbitrary input conditions, such as input power and v...

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Main Authors: Focheng Liu, Jiaru Shi, Hao Zha, Qiang Gao, Huaibi Chen, Jiaqi Qiu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2025-05-01
Series:Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.28.050101
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author Focheng Liu
Jiaru Shi
Hao Zha
Qiang Gao
Huaibi Chen
Jiaqi Qiu
author_facet Focheng Liu
Jiaru Shi
Hao Zha
Qiang Gao
Huaibi Chen
Jiaqi Qiu
author_sort Focheng Liu
collection DOAJ
description This work studies the transient beam instability caused by beam loading within the macropulse in standing-wave (SW) low-energy electron linear accelerators (linacs). A general model is presented to predict the transient outcomes of SW linacs with arbitrary input conditions, such as input power and voltage of the electron gun. In this approach, main outcomes including the current waveform and the energy spectrum can be calculated by combing the power conversion relationship and beam dynamics simulation results under steady conditions. A beam test was performed with an X-band (9.3 GHz) 6 MeV SW electron linac, which indicated that the calculation agreed well with the measurement results. In addition, the proposed method demonstrates that the observed beam instability was caused by beam loading in the test. This work could provide guidance on the design, commissioning, and operation in industrial and medical low-energy electron linac applications.
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id doaj-art-da9fee61fe9c415f821e1b1dda212c92
institution OA Journals
issn 2469-9888
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher American Physical Society
record_format Article
series Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
spelling doaj-art-da9fee61fe9c415f821e1b1dda212c922025-08-20T02:24:54ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review Accelerators and Beams2469-98882025-05-0128505010110.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.28.050101Transient study of beam instability due to beam loading in standing-wave low-energy electron linear acceleratorsFocheng LiuJiaru ShiHao ZhaQiang GaoHuaibi ChenJiaqi QiuThis work studies the transient beam instability caused by beam loading within the macropulse in standing-wave (SW) low-energy electron linear accelerators (linacs). A general model is presented to predict the transient outcomes of SW linacs with arbitrary input conditions, such as input power and voltage of the electron gun. In this approach, main outcomes including the current waveform and the energy spectrum can be calculated by combing the power conversion relationship and beam dynamics simulation results under steady conditions. A beam test was performed with an X-band (9.3 GHz) 6 MeV SW electron linac, which indicated that the calculation agreed well with the measurement results. In addition, the proposed method demonstrates that the observed beam instability was caused by beam loading in the test. This work could provide guidance on the design, commissioning, and operation in industrial and medical low-energy electron linac applications.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.28.050101
spellingShingle Focheng Liu
Jiaru Shi
Hao Zha
Qiang Gao
Huaibi Chen
Jiaqi Qiu
Transient study of beam instability due to beam loading in standing-wave low-energy electron linear accelerators
Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
title Transient study of beam instability due to beam loading in standing-wave low-energy electron linear accelerators
title_full Transient study of beam instability due to beam loading in standing-wave low-energy electron linear accelerators
title_fullStr Transient study of beam instability due to beam loading in standing-wave low-energy electron linear accelerators
title_full_unstemmed Transient study of beam instability due to beam loading in standing-wave low-energy electron linear accelerators
title_short Transient study of beam instability due to beam loading in standing-wave low-energy electron linear accelerators
title_sort transient study of beam instability due to beam loading in standing wave low energy electron linear accelerators
url http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.28.050101
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AT jiarushi transientstudyofbeaminstabilityduetobeamloadinginstandingwavelowenergyelectronlinearaccelerators
AT haozha transientstudyofbeaminstabilityduetobeamloadinginstandingwavelowenergyelectronlinearaccelerators
AT qianggao transientstudyofbeaminstabilityduetobeamloadinginstandingwavelowenergyelectronlinearaccelerators
AT huaibichen transientstudyofbeaminstabilityduetobeamloadinginstandingwavelowenergyelectronlinearaccelerators
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