Effects of virtual reality and layered tooth model training on manual dexterity in preclinical dental education

Abstract Background Manual dexterity is a critical component of dental education, especially during the early stages of preclinical training. Recent advancements in simulation technology, such as virtual reality (VR) haptic simulators and layered tooth models such as Caviprep (hereafter referred to...

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Main Authors: Esra Yildirim Manav, Sema Yazici Akbiyik, Aydan Büşra Ceylan, Ayfer Ezgi Yilmaz Çakiroğlu, Duygu Tuncer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Medical Education
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07622-9
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author Esra Yildirim Manav
Sema Yazici Akbiyik
Aydan Büşra Ceylan
Ayfer Ezgi Yilmaz Çakiroğlu
Duygu Tuncer
author_facet Esra Yildirim Manav
Sema Yazici Akbiyik
Aydan Büşra Ceylan
Ayfer Ezgi Yilmaz Çakiroğlu
Duygu Tuncer
author_sort Esra Yildirim Manav
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Manual dexterity is a critical component of dental education, especially during the early stages of preclinical training. Recent advancements in simulation technology, such as virtual reality (VR) haptic simulators and layered tooth models such as Caviprep (hereafter referred to as the layered model), offer promising tools to enhance psychomotor skills. This study aimed to explore their combined and individual effects on manual skills development in novice dental students. We hypothesized that combined training with VR and layered models would result in greater improvements in manual skills than either modality alone or conventional methods. Methods Forty-eight second-semester dental students were randomly assigned to four groups: Group 1 (the layered model + VR), Group 2 (the layered model only), Group 3 (VR only), and Group 4 (Control; extracted teeth only). All students received identical theoretical instruction and standardized demonstrations for occlusal amalgam cavity preparation. Manual dexterity was assessed using a standardized evaluation form completed by three blinded evaluators. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 23.0, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results A significant difference was observed among groups in terms of cavity depth accuracy (p = 0.001), with the control group (Group 4) performing significantly worse. There were no statistically significant differences in other evaluated parameters including cavity outline, floor smoothness, internal line angles, marginal ridge integrity, retention form, or cavity width (p > 0.05). Conclusions The integration of VR simulators and layered models enhances depth control during cavity preparation exercises in early dental training. These tools may provide valuable benefits in developing the manual skills essential for clinical competence. Trial registration Not applicable.
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spelling doaj-art-da9f63c3682547ec9588516b14d9414a2025-08-20T03:05:14ZengBMCBMC Medical Education1472-69202025-07-0125111110.1186/s12909-025-07622-9Effects of virtual reality and layered tooth model training on manual dexterity in preclinical dental educationEsra Yildirim Manav0Sema Yazici Akbiyik1Aydan Büşra Ceylan2Ayfer Ezgi Yilmaz Çakiroğlu3Duygu Tuncer4Lokman Hekim ÜniversitesiLokman Hekim ÜniversitesiLokman Hekim ÜniversitesiHacettepe UniversityLokman Hekim ÜniversitesiAbstract Background Manual dexterity is a critical component of dental education, especially during the early stages of preclinical training. Recent advancements in simulation technology, such as virtual reality (VR) haptic simulators and layered tooth models such as Caviprep (hereafter referred to as the layered model), offer promising tools to enhance psychomotor skills. This study aimed to explore their combined and individual effects on manual skills development in novice dental students. We hypothesized that combined training with VR and layered models would result in greater improvements in manual skills than either modality alone or conventional methods. Methods Forty-eight second-semester dental students were randomly assigned to four groups: Group 1 (the layered model + VR), Group 2 (the layered model only), Group 3 (VR only), and Group 4 (Control; extracted teeth only). All students received identical theoretical instruction and standardized demonstrations for occlusal amalgam cavity preparation. Manual dexterity was assessed using a standardized evaluation form completed by three blinded evaluators. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 23.0, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results A significant difference was observed among groups in terms of cavity depth accuracy (p = 0.001), with the control group (Group 4) performing significantly worse. There were no statistically significant differences in other evaluated parameters including cavity outline, floor smoothness, internal line angles, marginal ridge integrity, retention form, or cavity width (p > 0.05). Conclusions The integration of VR simulators and layered models enhances depth control during cavity preparation exercises in early dental training. These tools may provide valuable benefits in developing the manual skills essential for clinical competence. Trial registration Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07622-9Restorative dentistryDental educationSimulatorVirtual realityPreclinical training
spellingShingle Esra Yildirim Manav
Sema Yazici Akbiyik
Aydan Büşra Ceylan
Ayfer Ezgi Yilmaz Çakiroğlu
Duygu Tuncer
Effects of virtual reality and layered tooth model training on manual dexterity in preclinical dental education
BMC Medical Education
Restorative dentistry
Dental education
Simulator
Virtual reality
Preclinical training
title Effects of virtual reality and layered tooth model training on manual dexterity in preclinical dental education
title_full Effects of virtual reality and layered tooth model training on manual dexterity in preclinical dental education
title_fullStr Effects of virtual reality and layered tooth model training on manual dexterity in preclinical dental education
title_full_unstemmed Effects of virtual reality and layered tooth model training on manual dexterity in preclinical dental education
title_short Effects of virtual reality and layered tooth model training on manual dexterity in preclinical dental education
title_sort effects of virtual reality and layered tooth model training on manual dexterity in preclinical dental education
topic Restorative dentistry
Dental education
Simulator
Virtual reality
Preclinical training
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07622-9
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