Divergent effects of monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids on energy metabolism and insulin signaling in human myotubes

Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are predominantly saturated fatty acids with one or more methyl branches on the carbon chain, typically found in dairy products and measured in micromolar concentrations in human plasma. The biological function of BCFAs in humans remains ill-defined, but a relation...

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Main Authors: Parmeshwar Bajirao Katare, Ragna H. Tingstad, Sivar T. Beajani, Jørgen Pasjkurov Indseth, Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen, Mari C.W. Myhrstad, Arild C. Rustan, Lars Eide, Oliwia Witczak, Vigdis Aas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Lipid Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227525000240
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author Parmeshwar Bajirao Katare
Ragna H. Tingstad
Sivar T. Beajani
Jørgen Pasjkurov Indseth
Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
Mari C.W. Myhrstad
Arild C. Rustan
Lars Eide
Oliwia Witczak
Vigdis Aas
author_facet Parmeshwar Bajirao Katare
Ragna H. Tingstad
Sivar T. Beajani
Jørgen Pasjkurov Indseth
Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
Mari C.W. Myhrstad
Arild C. Rustan
Lars Eide
Oliwia Witczak
Vigdis Aas
author_sort Parmeshwar Bajirao Katare
collection DOAJ
description Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are predominantly saturated fatty acids with one or more methyl branches on the carbon chain, typically found in dairy products and measured in micromolar concentrations in human plasma. The biological function of BCFAs in humans remains ill-defined, but a relationship between circulating BCFAs and cardiometabolic health has been suggested. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of BCFAs on energy metabolism in human myotubes. The results revealed distinct effects of BCFAs. 12-Methyltetradecanoic acid (12-MTD) increased glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, while 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (13-MTD), 14-methylhexadecanoic acid (14-MHD), and 15-methylhexadecanoic acid (15-MHD) increased oleic acid uptake and 13-MTD and 15-MHD oleic acid oxidation, indicating a more general stimulatory effect on fatty acid than glucose metabolism. Interestingly, the same BCFAs, 13-MTD, 14-MHD, and 15-MHD, appeared to reduce insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS1 was not apparent after exposure to 12-MTD, 13-MTD, and 15-MHD, whereas insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt was unchanged by BCFAs. Incorporation of [14C]leucine into lipids was affected, as 13-MTD increased the total lipid content, and 12-MTD altered the distribution of lipid classes. Metabolic flux analysis indicated that 14-MHD stimulated extracellular acidification. The effects of BCFAs might involve increased mRNA expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that different BCFAs have distinct effects on energy metabolism in myotubes, 12-MTD mainly affect glucose metabolism, while 13-MTD, 14-MHD, and 15-MHD modulated oleic acid metabolism. These data suggest that some BCFAs might have therapeutic applications by improving energy metabolism.
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spelling doaj-art-da9d8fb1d67544a99c6e5a8fac8908612025-08-20T03:42:18ZengElsevierJournal of Lipid Research0022-22752025-03-0166310076410.1016/j.jlr.2025.100764Divergent effects of monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids on energy metabolism and insulin signaling in human myotubesParmeshwar Bajirao Katare0Ragna H. Tingstad1Sivar T. Beajani2Jørgen Pasjkurov Indseth3Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen4Mari C.W. Myhrstad5Arild C. Rustan6Lars Eide7Oliwia Witczak8Vigdis Aas9Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University – OsloMet, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University – OsloMet, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University – OsloMet, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University – OsloMet, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University – OsloMet, Oslo, NorwaySection for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University – OsloMet, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University – OsloMet, Oslo, Norway; For correspondence: Vigdis AasBranched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are predominantly saturated fatty acids with one or more methyl branches on the carbon chain, typically found in dairy products and measured in micromolar concentrations in human plasma. The biological function of BCFAs in humans remains ill-defined, but a relationship between circulating BCFAs and cardiometabolic health has been suggested. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of BCFAs on energy metabolism in human myotubes. The results revealed distinct effects of BCFAs. 12-Methyltetradecanoic acid (12-MTD) increased glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, while 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (13-MTD), 14-methylhexadecanoic acid (14-MHD), and 15-methylhexadecanoic acid (15-MHD) increased oleic acid uptake and 13-MTD and 15-MHD oleic acid oxidation, indicating a more general stimulatory effect on fatty acid than glucose metabolism. Interestingly, the same BCFAs, 13-MTD, 14-MHD, and 15-MHD, appeared to reduce insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS1 was not apparent after exposure to 12-MTD, 13-MTD, and 15-MHD, whereas insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt was unchanged by BCFAs. Incorporation of [14C]leucine into lipids was affected, as 13-MTD increased the total lipid content, and 12-MTD altered the distribution of lipid classes. Metabolic flux analysis indicated that 14-MHD stimulated extracellular acidification. The effects of BCFAs might involve increased mRNA expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that different BCFAs have distinct effects on energy metabolism in myotubes, 12-MTD mainly affect glucose metabolism, while 13-MTD, 14-MHD, and 15-MHD modulated oleic acid metabolism. These data suggest that some BCFAs might have therapeutic applications by improving energy metabolism.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227525000240energy homeostasisobesity and metabolic diseasesskeletal muscle metabolismdairy products
spellingShingle Parmeshwar Bajirao Katare
Ragna H. Tingstad
Sivar T. Beajani
Jørgen Pasjkurov Indseth
Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
Mari C.W. Myhrstad
Arild C. Rustan
Lars Eide
Oliwia Witczak
Vigdis Aas
Divergent effects of monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids on energy metabolism and insulin signaling in human myotubes
Journal of Lipid Research
energy homeostasis
obesity and metabolic diseases
skeletal muscle metabolism
dairy products
title Divergent effects of monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids on energy metabolism and insulin signaling in human myotubes
title_full Divergent effects of monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids on energy metabolism and insulin signaling in human myotubes
title_fullStr Divergent effects of monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids on energy metabolism and insulin signaling in human myotubes
title_full_unstemmed Divergent effects of monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids on energy metabolism and insulin signaling in human myotubes
title_short Divergent effects of monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids on energy metabolism and insulin signaling in human myotubes
title_sort divergent effects of monomethyl branched chain fatty acids on energy metabolism and insulin signaling in human myotubes
topic energy homeostasis
obesity and metabolic diseases
skeletal muscle metabolism
dairy products
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227525000240
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