Formulating an Engineering Framework for Future AI Certification in Aviation

A continuous increase in artificial intelligence (AI)-based functions can be expected for future aviation systems, posing significant challenges to traditional development processes. Established systems engineering frameworks, such as the V-model, are not adequately addressing the novel challenges a...

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Main Authors: Johann Maximilian Christensen, Thomas Stefani, Akshay Anilkumar Girija, Elena Hoemann, Andrea Vogt, Viktor Werbilo, Umut Durak, Frank Köster, Thomas Krüger, Sven Hallerbach
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Aerospace
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/6/482
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author Johann Maximilian Christensen
Thomas Stefani
Akshay Anilkumar Girija
Elena Hoemann
Andrea Vogt
Viktor Werbilo
Umut Durak
Frank Köster
Thomas Krüger
Sven Hallerbach
author_facet Johann Maximilian Christensen
Thomas Stefani
Akshay Anilkumar Girija
Elena Hoemann
Andrea Vogt
Viktor Werbilo
Umut Durak
Frank Köster
Thomas Krüger
Sven Hallerbach
author_sort Johann Maximilian Christensen
collection DOAJ
description A continuous increase in artificial intelligence (AI)-based functions can be expected for future aviation systems, posing significant challenges to traditional development processes. Established systems engineering frameworks, such as the V-model, are not adequately addressing the novel challenges associated with AI-based systems. Consequently, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) introduced the W-shaped process, an advancement of the V-model, to set a regulatory framework for the novel challenges of AI Engineering. In contrast, the agile Development Operations (DevOps) approach, widely adopted in software development, promotes a never-ending iterative development process. This article proposes a novel concept that integrates aspects of DevOps into the W-shaped process to create an AI Engineering framework suitable for aviation-specific applications. Furthermore, it builds upon proven ideas and methods using AI Engineering efforts from other domains. The proposed extension of the W-shaped process, compatible with ongoing standardizations from the G34/WG-114 Standardization Working Group, a joint effort between EUROCAE and SAE, addresses the need for a rigorous development process for AI-based systems while acknowledging its limitations and potential for future advancements. The proposed framework allows for a re-evaluation of the AI/ML constituent based on operational information, enabling improvements of the system’s capabilities with each iteration.
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spelling doaj-art-da9a3e5cf6e341eda0b33cd32dca05222025-08-20T03:26:11ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102025-05-0112648210.3390/aerospace12060482Formulating an Engineering Framework for Future AI Certification in AviationJohann Maximilian Christensen0Thomas Stefani1Akshay Anilkumar Girija2Elena Hoemann3Andrea Vogt4Viktor Werbilo5Umut Durak6Frank Köster7Thomas Krüger8Sven Hallerbach9Institute for AI Safety and Security, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 53757 Sankt Augustin, GermanyInstitute for AI Safety and Security, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 89081 Ulm, GermanyInstitute for AI Safety and Security, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 89081 Ulm, GermanyInstitute for AI Safety and Security, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 53757 Sankt Augustin, GermanyInstitute for AI Safety and Security, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 89081 Ulm, GermanyInstitute for AI Safety and Security, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 53757 Sankt Augustin, GermanyInstitute of Flight Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 38108 Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute for AI Safety and Security, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 53757 Sankt Augustin, GermanyInstitute for AI Safety and Security, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 53757 Sankt Augustin, GermanyInstitute for AI Safety and Security, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 89081 Ulm, GermanyA continuous increase in artificial intelligence (AI)-based functions can be expected for future aviation systems, posing significant challenges to traditional development processes. Established systems engineering frameworks, such as the V-model, are not adequately addressing the novel challenges associated with AI-based systems. Consequently, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) introduced the W-shaped process, an advancement of the V-model, to set a regulatory framework for the novel challenges of AI Engineering. In contrast, the agile Development Operations (DevOps) approach, widely adopted in software development, promotes a never-ending iterative development process. This article proposes a novel concept that integrates aspects of DevOps into the W-shaped process to create an AI Engineering framework suitable for aviation-specific applications. Furthermore, it builds upon proven ideas and methods using AI Engineering efforts from other domains. The proposed extension of the W-shaped process, compatible with ongoing standardizations from the G34/WG-114 Standardization Working Group, a joint effort between EUROCAE and SAE, addresses the need for a rigorous development process for AI-based systems while acknowledging its limitations and potential for future advancements. The proposed framework allows for a re-evaluation of the AI/ML constituent based on operational information, enabling improvements of the system’s capabilities with each iteration.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/6/482AI EngineeringW-shaped processDevOpsConOpsODODD
spellingShingle Johann Maximilian Christensen
Thomas Stefani
Akshay Anilkumar Girija
Elena Hoemann
Andrea Vogt
Viktor Werbilo
Umut Durak
Frank Köster
Thomas Krüger
Sven Hallerbach
Formulating an Engineering Framework for Future AI Certification in Aviation
Aerospace
AI Engineering
W-shaped process
DevOps
ConOps
OD
ODD
title Formulating an Engineering Framework for Future AI Certification in Aviation
title_full Formulating an Engineering Framework for Future AI Certification in Aviation
title_fullStr Formulating an Engineering Framework for Future AI Certification in Aviation
title_full_unstemmed Formulating an Engineering Framework for Future AI Certification in Aviation
title_short Formulating an Engineering Framework for Future AI Certification in Aviation
title_sort formulating an engineering framework for future ai certification in aviation
topic AI Engineering
W-shaped process
DevOps
ConOps
OD
ODD
url https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/6/482
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