A New Geological Map of the Marginal Basins of Eastern Papua New Guinea: Implications for Crustal Accretion and Mineral Endowment at Arc–Continent Collisions

Accretion of island arc terranes is a fundamental process of crustal growth and the formation of new continents. Convergent margin tectonics, both compressional and extensional, in accretionary orogens also control the origin and distribution of their contained mineral resources, including many of t...

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Main Authors: Philipp A. Brandl, Mark D. Hannington, Anna Krätschell, Sven Petersen, Alan T. Baxter, Margaret S. Stewart, Christopher Galley, Justin Emberley, Sylvia G. Sander
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: GeoScienceWorld 2024-11-01
Series:Lithosphere
Online Access:https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsw/lithosphere/article-pdf/doi/10.2113/2024/lithosphere_2024_145/7053090/lithosphere_2024_145.pdf
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author Philipp A. Brandl
Mark D. Hannington
Anna Krätschell
Sven Petersen
Alan T. Baxter
Margaret S. Stewart
Christopher Galley
Justin Emberley
Sylvia G. Sander
author_facet Philipp A. Brandl
Mark D. Hannington
Anna Krätschell
Sven Petersen
Alan T. Baxter
Margaret S. Stewart
Christopher Galley
Justin Emberley
Sylvia G. Sander
author_sort Philipp A. Brandl
collection DOAJ
description Accretion of island arc terranes is a fundamental process of crustal growth and the formation of new continents. Convergent margin tectonics, both compressional and extensional, in accretionary orogens also control the origin and distribution of their contained mineral resources, including many of the world’s important Cu and Au deposits. However, the details of crustal growth and accretion are often lost because of deformation and selective preservation during subduction. The Melanesian Borderland, which includes the offshore regions of eastern Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, contains several active and relict arc and backarc systems that have formed in response to more than 50 Ma of subduction and complex plate tectonic adjustments. The composite terrane is a region of some of the fastest growing crust on Earth and also spectacular mineral endowment, including three of the top ten porphyry Cu and epithermal Au deposits in the world. However, more than 80% of the belt is submerged, and so little is known about its geological evolution and makeup. Here, we present the first detailed geological map of the region in one map sheet, including the marginal deep ocean basins. The map identifies and groups the key lithostratigraphic formations and correlates associated tectonic events across the belt. The final compilation is presented at 1:1,000,000 scale, which is sufficient to allow quantitative analysis of crustal growth and accretion during ocean–continent collision throughout the region. The map shows the diversity of assemblages in accreting terranes that may eventually become part of a growing continent and highlights their complex formation and structural relationships. Because so much of that history has occurred offshore, the new map presents the first complete picture of the geology of the region in the critical period leading up to its eventual incorporation in the Australian continent.
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spelling doaj-art-da95f1f3538249ef9681d4c6c86175212025-08-20T02:18:14ZengGeoScienceWorldLithosphere1941-82641947-42532024-11-012024410.2113/2024/lithosphere_2024_145A New Geological Map of the Marginal Basins of Eastern Papua New Guinea: Implications for Crustal Accretion and Mineral Endowment at Arc–Continent CollisionsPhilipp A. Brandl0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6863-5262Mark D. Hannington1Anna Krätschell2Sven Petersen3Alan T. Baxter4Margaret S. Stewart5Christopher Galley6Justin Emberley7Sylvia G. Sander8GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24148, GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24148, GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24148, GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24148, GermanyDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24148, GermanyAccretion of island arc terranes is a fundamental process of crustal growth and the formation of new continents. Convergent margin tectonics, both compressional and extensional, in accretionary orogens also control the origin and distribution of their contained mineral resources, including many of the world’s important Cu and Au deposits. However, the details of crustal growth and accretion are often lost because of deformation and selective preservation during subduction. The Melanesian Borderland, which includes the offshore regions of eastern Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, contains several active and relict arc and backarc systems that have formed in response to more than 50 Ma of subduction and complex plate tectonic adjustments. The composite terrane is a region of some of the fastest growing crust on Earth and also spectacular mineral endowment, including three of the top ten porphyry Cu and epithermal Au deposits in the world. However, more than 80% of the belt is submerged, and so little is known about its geological evolution and makeup. Here, we present the first detailed geological map of the region in one map sheet, including the marginal deep ocean basins. The map identifies and groups the key lithostratigraphic formations and correlates associated tectonic events across the belt. The final compilation is presented at 1:1,000,000 scale, which is sufficient to allow quantitative analysis of crustal growth and accretion during ocean–continent collision throughout the region. The map shows the diversity of assemblages in accreting terranes that may eventually become part of a growing continent and highlights their complex formation and structural relationships. Because so much of that history has occurred offshore, the new map presents the first complete picture of the geology of the region in the critical period leading up to its eventual incorporation in the Australian continent.https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsw/lithosphere/article-pdf/doi/10.2113/2024/lithosphere_2024_145/7053090/lithosphere_2024_145.pdf
spellingShingle Philipp A. Brandl
Mark D. Hannington
Anna Krätschell
Sven Petersen
Alan T. Baxter
Margaret S. Stewart
Christopher Galley
Justin Emberley
Sylvia G. Sander
A New Geological Map of the Marginal Basins of Eastern Papua New Guinea: Implications for Crustal Accretion and Mineral Endowment at Arc–Continent Collisions
Lithosphere
title A New Geological Map of the Marginal Basins of Eastern Papua New Guinea: Implications for Crustal Accretion and Mineral Endowment at Arc–Continent Collisions
title_full A New Geological Map of the Marginal Basins of Eastern Papua New Guinea: Implications for Crustal Accretion and Mineral Endowment at Arc–Continent Collisions
title_fullStr A New Geological Map of the Marginal Basins of Eastern Papua New Guinea: Implications for Crustal Accretion and Mineral Endowment at Arc–Continent Collisions
title_full_unstemmed A New Geological Map of the Marginal Basins of Eastern Papua New Guinea: Implications for Crustal Accretion and Mineral Endowment at Arc–Continent Collisions
title_short A New Geological Map of the Marginal Basins of Eastern Papua New Guinea: Implications for Crustal Accretion and Mineral Endowment at Arc–Continent Collisions
title_sort new geological map of the marginal basins of eastern papua new guinea implications for crustal accretion and mineral endowment at arc continent collisions
url https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsw/lithosphere/article-pdf/doi/10.2113/2024/lithosphere_2024_145/7053090/lithosphere_2024_145.pdf
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