Remote-controlled mechanical and directional motions of photoswitchable DNA condensates

Abstract Membrane-free synthetic DNA-based condensates enable programmable control of dynamic behaviors as shown by phase-separated condensates in biological cells. We demonstrate remote-controlled microflow using photocontrollable state transitions of DNA condensates, assembled from multi-branched...

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Main Authors: Hirotake Udono, Shin-ichiro M. Nomura, Masahiro Takinoue
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59100-x
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author Hirotake Udono
Shin-ichiro M. Nomura
Masahiro Takinoue
author_facet Hirotake Udono
Shin-ichiro M. Nomura
Masahiro Takinoue
author_sort Hirotake Udono
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Membrane-free synthetic DNA-based condensates enable programmable control of dynamic behaviors as shown by phase-separated condensates in biological cells. We demonstrate remote-controlled microflow using photocontrollable state transitions of DNA condensates, assembled from multi-branched DNA nanostructures via sticky-end (SE) hybridization. Introducing azobenzene into SEs enables their photoswitchable binding affinity, which underlies photoreversible fluidity of the resulting condensates that transition between gel/liquid/dissociated states in a wavelength-dependent manner. Leveraging base-sequence programmability, spatially coupled orthogonal DNA condensates with divergent photoresponsive capabilities perform multi-modal mechanical actions that depend on azobenzene insertion sites in the SE, including switching flows radially expanding and converging under photoswitching. Localizing photoswitching within a DNA liquid condensate generates two distinct directional motions, whose contrasting morphology, direction, and lifetime are determined by switching frequency. Numerical simulations reveal its regulatory role in weight-adjusting energy-exchanging and energy-dissipative interactions between the photoirradiated and unirradiated domains.
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spelling doaj-art-da7d44d2d42947a7b8ecc0ce4e0b08572025-08-20T03:53:46ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-0116111610.1038/s41467-025-59100-xRemote-controlled mechanical and directional motions of photoswitchable DNA condensatesHirotake Udono0Shin-ichiro M. Nomura1Masahiro Takinoue2Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Institute of Science TokyoDepartment of Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku UniversityDepartment of Computer Science, School of Computing, Institute of Science TokyoAbstract Membrane-free synthetic DNA-based condensates enable programmable control of dynamic behaviors as shown by phase-separated condensates in biological cells. We demonstrate remote-controlled microflow using photocontrollable state transitions of DNA condensates, assembled from multi-branched DNA nanostructures via sticky-end (SE) hybridization. Introducing azobenzene into SEs enables their photoswitchable binding affinity, which underlies photoreversible fluidity of the resulting condensates that transition between gel/liquid/dissociated states in a wavelength-dependent manner. Leveraging base-sequence programmability, spatially coupled orthogonal DNA condensates with divergent photoresponsive capabilities perform multi-modal mechanical actions that depend on azobenzene insertion sites in the SE, including switching flows radially expanding and converging under photoswitching. Localizing photoswitching within a DNA liquid condensate generates two distinct directional motions, whose contrasting morphology, direction, and lifetime are determined by switching frequency. Numerical simulations reveal its regulatory role in weight-adjusting energy-exchanging and energy-dissipative interactions between the photoirradiated and unirradiated domains.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59100-x
spellingShingle Hirotake Udono
Shin-ichiro M. Nomura
Masahiro Takinoue
Remote-controlled mechanical and directional motions of photoswitchable DNA condensates
Nature Communications
title Remote-controlled mechanical and directional motions of photoswitchable DNA condensates
title_full Remote-controlled mechanical and directional motions of photoswitchable DNA condensates
title_fullStr Remote-controlled mechanical and directional motions of photoswitchable DNA condensates
title_full_unstemmed Remote-controlled mechanical and directional motions of photoswitchable DNA condensates
title_short Remote-controlled mechanical and directional motions of photoswitchable DNA condensates
title_sort remote controlled mechanical and directional motions of photoswitchable dna condensates
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59100-x
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