Sulfonated Schiff base immobilized on magnetite-chitosan as an efficient nanocatalyst for the synthesis of xanthene derivatives

Abstract The present study aims to develop and enhance a magnetic heterogeneous catalyst with a core-shell structure, Fe3O4@CS/SSB (Fe3O4@Chitosan-Salicylaldehyde-5-sulfonate), by immobilizing a chitosan-based Schiff base complex on the surface of magnetite. Chitosan, a low-cost, biodegradable, and...

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Main Authors: Mohammadhossein Alijafari Taheri, Moslem Setoodehkhah, Mohsen Moradian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03308-w
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author Mohammadhossein Alijafari Taheri
Moslem Setoodehkhah
Mohsen Moradian
author_facet Mohammadhossein Alijafari Taheri
Moslem Setoodehkhah
Mohsen Moradian
author_sort Mohammadhossein Alijafari Taheri
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The present study aims to develop and enhance a magnetic heterogeneous catalyst with a core-shell structure, Fe3O4@CS/SSB (Fe3O4@Chitosan-Salicylaldehyde-5-sulfonate), by immobilizing a chitosan-based Schiff base complex on the surface of magnetite. Chitosan, a low-cost, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymer with a suitable chemical structure such as the NH₂ functional group plays a significant role in heterogeneous catalytic systems. In this research, the Schiff base was synthesized through the condensation of a sulfonated aromatic aldehyde (salicylaldehyde) with the amine group of chitosan, forming a magnetic nanocatalyst with acidic properties. The catalyst was characterized using various analytical techniques, including XRD, FT-IR, VSM, TGA, DLS, FE-SEM, EDX, and TEM. The catalytic performance of the nanomagnetic catalyst was evaluated in the synthesis of 14-aryl-14-H-dibenzo[a, j]xanthenes and 12-aryl-9,9-dimethyl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-ones via a one-step condensation reaction of dimedone, 2-naphthol, and aryl aldehydes in ethanol. The progress of the reaction was monitored using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The xanthenes derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR analyses. Ultimately, it was observed that the catalyst could be reused multiple times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
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spelling doaj-art-da6ccb01a2e9446aaba9578a9de3dd3c2025-08-20T03:45:57ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115112210.1038/s41598-025-03308-wSulfonated Schiff base immobilized on magnetite-chitosan as an efficient nanocatalyst for the synthesis of xanthene derivativesMohammadhossein Alijafari Taheri0Moslem Setoodehkhah1Mohsen Moradian2Department of Inorganic chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of KashanDepartment of Inorganic chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of KashanDepartment of Organic chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of KashanAbstract The present study aims to develop and enhance a magnetic heterogeneous catalyst with a core-shell structure, Fe3O4@CS/SSB (Fe3O4@Chitosan-Salicylaldehyde-5-sulfonate), by immobilizing a chitosan-based Schiff base complex on the surface of magnetite. Chitosan, a low-cost, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymer with a suitable chemical structure such as the NH₂ functional group plays a significant role in heterogeneous catalytic systems. In this research, the Schiff base was synthesized through the condensation of a sulfonated aromatic aldehyde (salicylaldehyde) with the amine group of chitosan, forming a magnetic nanocatalyst with acidic properties. The catalyst was characterized using various analytical techniques, including XRD, FT-IR, VSM, TGA, DLS, FE-SEM, EDX, and TEM. The catalytic performance of the nanomagnetic catalyst was evaluated in the synthesis of 14-aryl-14-H-dibenzo[a, j]xanthenes and 12-aryl-9,9-dimethyl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-ones via a one-step condensation reaction of dimedone, 2-naphthol, and aryl aldehydes in ethanol. The progress of the reaction was monitored using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The xanthenes derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR analyses. Ultimately, it was observed that the catalyst could be reused multiple times without significant loss of catalytic activity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03308-wSulfonated schiff baseMagnetic coreChitosanMagnetiteXanthene
spellingShingle Mohammadhossein Alijafari Taheri
Moslem Setoodehkhah
Mohsen Moradian
Sulfonated Schiff base immobilized on magnetite-chitosan as an efficient nanocatalyst for the synthesis of xanthene derivatives
Scientific Reports
Sulfonated schiff base
Magnetic core
Chitosan
Magnetite
Xanthene
title Sulfonated Schiff base immobilized on magnetite-chitosan as an efficient nanocatalyst for the synthesis of xanthene derivatives
title_full Sulfonated Schiff base immobilized on magnetite-chitosan as an efficient nanocatalyst for the synthesis of xanthene derivatives
title_fullStr Sulfonated Schiff base immobilized on magnetite-chitosan as an efficient nanocatalyst for the synthesis of xanthene derivatives
title_full_unstemmed Sulfonated Schiff base immobilized on magnetite-chitosan as an efficient nanocatalyst for the synthesis of xanthene derivatives
title_short Sulfonated Schiff base immobilized on magnetite-chitosan as an efficient nanocatalyst for the synthesis of xanthene derivatives
title_sort sulfonated schiff base immobilized on magnetite chitosan as an efficient nanocatalyst for the synthesis of xanthene derivatives
topic Sulfonated schiff base
Magnetic core
Chitosan
Magnetite
Xanthene
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03308-w
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AT moslemsetoodehkhah sulfonatedschiffbaseimmobilizedonmagnetitechitosanasanefficientnanocatalystforthesynthesisofxanthenederivatives
AT mohsenmoradian sulfonatedschiffbaseimmobilizedonmagnetitechitosanasanefficientnanocatalystforthesynthesisofxanthenederivatives