Out of randomness: How evolution benefits from modularity

Brute force random search, effective in exploring solution spaces, often becomes inefficient or infeasible in real-world scenarios with vast solution spaces. A more effective method, akin to natural evolution, involves recombining existing modules into new ones, a concept known as “evolution as tink...

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Main Authors: Chunxiuzi Liu, Shaohua Tang, Jingxi Liu, Jiashuo Ye, Lanxin Ma, Bingning Liu, Lu Peng, Jiaxin Dong, Linjie Que, Binbin Hong, Yu Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIP Publishing LLC 2025-02-01
Series:AIP Advances
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0244484
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author Chunxiuzi Liu
Shaohua Tang
Jingxi Liu
Jiashuo Ye
Lanxin Ma
Bingning Liu
Lu Peng
Jiaxin Dong
Linjie Que
Binbin Hong
Yu Liu
author_facet Chunxiuzi Liu
Shaohua Tang
Jingxi Liu
Jiashuo Ye
Lanxin Ma
Bingning Liu
Lu Peng
Jiaxin Dong
Linjie Que
Binbin Hong
Yu Liu
author_sort Chunxiuzi Liu
collection DOAJ
description Brute force random search, effective in exploring solution spaces, often becomes inefficient or infeasible in real-world scenarios with vast solution spaces. A more effective method, akin to natural evolution, involves recombining existing modules into new ones, a concept known as “evolution as tinkering” introduced by François Jacob. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for comprehending evolution and designing evolution-inspired algorithms. This study employs genetic algorithms (GAs) to quantitatively explore how evolution-like processes, marked by mutation and crossover, search for complex solutions. Compared to random search, GAs significantly improve the probability of finding solutions, especially complex ones. This improvement varies, showing biases toward more intricate solutions, likely due to the crossover process in GAs that facilitates the recombination of smaller modules into larger, more complex ones. Our experiments reveal that grouping module components rather than scattering them aids in forming larger, more complex solutions. This mirrors a pattern observed in real biological systems, where the sequences encoding individual genes are clustered together in all prokaryotic organisms. These findings highlight the importance of spatial correlations in the development of larger, more intricate modules and solutions, underscoring how modularity and modular recombination enhance solution space exploration.
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issn 2158-3226
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher AIP Publishing LLC
record_format Article
series AIP Advances
spelling doaj-art-da60df5ba2804c67b5462fe3068020da2025-08-20T02:02:20ZengAIP Publishing LLCAIP Advances2158-32262025-02-01152025311025311-1110.1063/5.0244484Out of randomness: How evolution benefits from modularityChunxiuzi Liu0Shaohua Tang1Jingxi Liu2Jiashuo Ye3Lanxin Ma4Bingning Liu5Lu Peng6Jiaxin Dong7Linjie Que8Binbin Hong9Yu Liu10Department of Systems Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, ChinaDepartment of Systems Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, ChinaDepartment of Systems Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, ChinaDepartment of Systems Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, ChinaDepartment of Systems Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, ChinaDepartment of Systems Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, ChinaDepartment of Systems Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, ChinaDepartment of Systems Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, ChinaSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, ChinaDepartment of Systems Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, ChinaBrute force random search, effective in exploring solution spaces, often becomes inefficient or infeasible in real-world scenarios with vast solution spaces. A more effective method, akin to natural evolution, involves recombining existing modules into new ones, a concept known as “evolution as tinkering” introduced by François Jacob. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for comprehending evolution and designing evolution-inspired algorithms. This study employs genetic algorithms (GAs) to quantitatively explore how evolution-like processes, marked by mutation and crossover, search for complex solutions. Compared to random search, GAs significantly improve the probability of finding solutions, especially complex ones. This improvement varies, showing biases toward more intricate solutions, likely due to the crossover process in GAs that facilitates the recombination of smaller modules into larger, more complex ones. Our experiments reveal that grouping module components rather than scattering them aids in forming larger, more complex solutions. This mirrors a pattern observed in real biological systems, where the sequences encoding individual genes are clustered together in all prokaryotic organisms. These findings highlight the importance of spatial correlations in the development of larger, more intricate modules and solutions, underscoring how modularity and modular recombination enhance solution space exploration.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0244484
spellingShingle Chunxiuzi Liu
Shaohua Tang
Jingxi Liu
Jiashuo Ye
Lanxin Ma
Bingning Liu
Lu Peng
Jiaxin Dong
Linjie Que
Binbin Hong
Yu Liu
Out of randomness: How evolution benefits from modularity
AIP Advances
title Out of randomness: How evolution benefits from modularity
title_full Out of randomness: How evolution benefits from modularity
title_fullStr Out of randomness: How evolution benefits from modularity
title_full_unstemmed Out of randomness: How evolution benefits from modularity
title_short Out of randomness: How evolution benefits from modularity
title_sort out of randomness how evolution benefits from modularity
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0244484
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