Comparative efficacy of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with blunt trauma: Direct thrombin inhibitors vs low-molecular-weight heparin

Background/objective: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and poses a risk to patients with trauma. This study compared the efficacy of direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for the prophylaxis of VTE in pat...

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Main Authors: Jen-Fu Huang, Chih-Po Hsu, Sheng-Yu Chan, Ya-Chiao Lin, Chi-Tung Cheng, Po-Cheng Lo, Meng-Hsuan Lee, Wen-Ching Weng, Yi-Jung Chen, Hsi-Hsin Li, Ken-Hsiung Chen, Shih-Tien Wang, Tsann-Long Hwang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Asian Journal of Surgery
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1015958425007043
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author Jen-Fu Huang
Chih-Po Hsu
Sheng-Yu Chan
Ya-Chiao Lin
Chi-Tung Cheng
Po-Cheng Lo
Meng-Hsuan Lee
Wen-Ching Weng
Yi-Jung Chen
Hsi-Hsin Li
Ken-Hsiung Chen
Shih-Tien Wang
Tsann-Long Hwang
author_facet Jen-Fu Huang
Chih-Po Hsu
Sheng-Yu Chan
Ya-Chiao Lin
Chi-Tung Cheng
Po-Cheng Lo
Meng-Hsuan Lee
Wen-Ching Weng
Yi-Jung Chen
Hsi-Hsin Li
Ken-Hsiung Chen
Shih-Tien Wang
Tsann-Long Hwang
author_sort Jen-Fu Huang
collection DOAJ
description Background/objective: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and poses a risk to patients with trauma. This study compared the efficacy of direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for the prophylaxis of VTE in patients with blunt injuries. Methods: This study analyzed data from the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program, focusing on patients with an injury severity score (ISS) of ≥10 who received VTE prophylaxis. It identified covariates associated with VTE and adverse events. Results: Among 194,154 patients, those on DTIs (n = 205) were older and had higher ISS than those on LMWH (n = 193,949). The DTI group had higher rates of DVT (4.9 % vs 1.3 %), PE (3.4 % vs 0.7 %), unplanned visiting to the operating room (OR) (5.4 % vs 1.5 %), and mortality (8.8 % vs 2.5 %). After propensity score matching, DTIs were associated with increased incidences of DVT (4.9 % vs 1.8 %), PE (3.4 % vs 0.8 %), and unplanned visiting to the OR (5.4 % vs 1.5 %). Multivariate analysis indicated that DTIs significantly increased the odds of DVT (odds ratio, 2.945), PE (odds ratio, 4.250), and unplanned visiting to the OR (odds ratio, 4.175). Conclusion: DTIs are linked to more DVT and PE than LMWH in VTE prevention. LMWH is more effective than the other options and causes fewer adverse events. LMWH is preferred for patients with blunt injuries and an ISS of ≥10.
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spelling doaj-art-da54022bb8d74efab4576950d143280c2025-08-20T03:52:38ZengElsevierAsian Journal of Surgery1015-95842025-05-014852874288110.1016/j.asjsur.2025.03.123Comparative efficacy of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with blunt trauma: Direct thrombin inhibitors vs low-molecular-weight heparinJen-Fu Huang0Chih-Po Hsu1Sheng-Yu Chan2Ya-Chiao Lin3Chi-Tung Cheng4Po-Cheng Lo5Meng-Hsuan Lee6Wen-Ching Weng7Yi-Jung Chen8Hsi-Hsin Li9Ken-Hsiung Chen10Shih-Tien Wang11Tsann-Long Hwang12Division of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Jen-Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanDepartment of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanDepartment of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanKinmen Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kinmen, TaiwanDepartment of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanKinmen Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kinmen, TaiwanKinmen Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kinmen, TaiwanKinmen Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kinmen, TaiwanKinmen Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kinmen, Taiwan; Corresponding author. Kinmen Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 2, Fuxing Road, Jinhu Township, Kinmen County, 891, Taiwan.Kinmen Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kinmen, TaiwanKinmen Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kinmen, TaiwanKinmen Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kinmen, TaiwanChang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, TaiwanBackground/objective: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and poses a risk to patients with trauma. This study compared the efficacy of direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for the prophylaxis of VTE in patients with blunt injuries. Methods: This study analyzed data from the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program, focusing on patients with an injury severity score (ISS) of ≥10 who received VTE prophylaxis. It identified covariates associated with VTE and adverse events. Results: Among 194,154 patients, those on DTIs (n = 205) were older and had higher ISS than those on LMWH (n = 193,949). The DTI group had higher rates of DVT (4.9 % vs 1.3 %), PE (3.4 % vs 0.7 %), unplanned visiting to the operating room (OR) (5.4 % vs 1.5 %), and mortality (8.8 % vs 2.5 %). After propensity score matching, DTIs were associated with increased incidences of DVT (4.9 % vs 1.8 %), PE (3.4 % vs 0.8 %), and unplanned visiting to the OR (5.4 % vs 1.5 %). Multivariate analysis indicated that DTIs significantly increased the odds of DVT (odds ratio, 2.945), PE (odds ratio, 4.250), and unplanned visiting to the OR (odds ratio, 4.175). Conclusion: DTIs are linked to more DVT and PE than LMWH in VTE prevention. LMWH is more effective than the other options and causes fewer adverse events. LMWH is preferred for patients with blunt injuries and an ISS of ≥10.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1015958425007043Direct thrombin inhibitorsLow-molecular-weight heparinVenous thromboembolism
spellingShingle Jen-Fu Huang
Chih-Po Hsu
Sheng-Yu Chan
Ya-Chiao Lin
Chi-Tung Cheng
Po-Cheng Lo
Meng-Hsuan Lee
Wen-Ching Weng
Yi-Jung Chen
Hsi-Hsin Li
Ken-Hsiung Chen
Shih-Tien Wang
Tsann-Long Hwang
Comparative efficacy of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with blunt trauma: Direct thrombin inhibitors vs low-molecular-weight heparin
Asian Journal of Surgery
Direct thrombin inhibitors
Low-molecular-weight heparin
Venous thromboembolism
title Comparative efficacy of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with blunt trauma: Direct thrombin inhibitors vs low-molecular-weight heparin
title_full Comparative efficacy of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with blunt trauma: Direct thrombin inhibitors vs low-molecular-weight heparin
title_fullStr Comparative efficacy of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with blunt trauma: Direct thrombin inhibitors vs low-molecular-weight heparin
title_full_unstemmed Comparative efficacy of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with blunt trauma: Direct thrombin inhibitors vs low-molecular-weight heparin
title_short Comparative efficacy of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with blunt trauma: Direct thrombin inhibitors vs low-molecular-weight heparin
title_sort comparative efficacy of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with blunt trauma direct thrombin inhibitors vs low molecular weight heparin
topic Direct thrombin inhibitors
Low-molecular-weight heparin
Venous thromboembolism
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1015958425007043
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