Review of light activated antibacterial nanomaterials in the second biological window
Abstract Bacterial infections continue to pose a major threat to public health, contributing to high mortality rates worldwide. The growing ineffectiveness of conventional antibiotics has created an urgent need for alternative solutions. Nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as a promising approach to co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Nanobiotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03333-x |
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| _version_ | 1850156501810806784 |
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| author | Suresh Thangudu Chia-Hao Su |
| author_facet | Suresh Thangudu Chia-Hao Su |
| author_sort | Suresh Thangudu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Bacterial infections continue to pose a major threat to public health, contributing to high mortality rates worldwide. The growing ineffectiveness of conventional antibiotics has created an urgent need for alternative solutions. Nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as a promising approach to combating bacterial infections due to their unique physicochemical properties, and extensive research has been conducted to address this crisis, yielding notable results. However, challenges such as limited light absorption and inherent cytotoxicity remain significant concerns. Furthermore, the clinical adoption of single-mode phototherapy is often restricted by the shallow tissue penetration of traditional light sources. The second biological window (NIR-II, 950–1450 nm) offers a groundbreaking opportunity for therapeutic and diagnostic applications by enabling deeper tissue penetration. As a result, growing research efforts are dedicated to developing NIR-II activated photosensitizers and nanomaterials to overcome challenges such as poor light absorption, limited tissue penetration, and suboptimal activation. Despite significant advancements, a comprehensive review of antibacterial nanomaterials specifically designed for the NIR-II window is still lacking in literature. This review aims to fill that gap by discussing the latest advancements, challenges, and potential of light-activated antibacterial nanomaterials within the BW-II region. The goal is to enhance understanding and guide the development of more efficient nanomaterials for future biomedical and clinical applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-da4d0747f4c64f9990cc55da0be26e24 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1477-3155 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Nanobiotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-da4d0747f4c64f9990cc55da0be26e242025-08-20T02:24:30ZengBMCJournal of Nanobiotechnology1477-31552025-04-0123112610.1186/s12951-025-03333-xReview of light activated antibacterial nanomaterials in the second biological windowSuresh Thangudu0Chia-Hao Su1Center for General Education, Chang Gung UniversityCenter for General Education, Chang Gung UniversityAbstract Bacterial infections continue to pose a major threat to public health, contributing to high mortality rates worldwide. The growing ineffectiveness of conventional antibiotics has created an urgent need for alternative solutions. Nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as a promising approach to combating bacterial infections due to their unique physicochemical properties, and extensive research has been conducted to address this crisis, yielding notable results. However, challenges such as limited light absorption and inherent cytotoxicity remain significant concerns. Furthermore, the clinical adoption of single-mode phototherapy is often restricted by the shallow tissue penetration of traditional light sources. The second biological window (NIR-II, 950–1450 nm) offers a groundbreaking opportunity for therapeutic and diagnostic applications by enabling deeper tissue penetration. As a result, growing research efforts are dedicated to developing NIR-II activated photosensitizers and nanomaterials to overcome challenges such as poor light absorption, limited tissue penetration, and suboptimal activation. Despite significant advancements, a comprehensive review of antibacterial nanomaterials specifically designed for the NIR-II window is still lacking in literature. This review aims to fill that gap by discussing the latest advancements, challenges, and potential of light-activated antibacterial nanomaterials within the BW-II region. The goal is to enhance understanding and guide the development of more efficient nanomaterials for future biomedical and clinical applications.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03333-xNanomaterialsNIR-II biological windowPhototherapyCombination therapyAntibacterial activityWound healing |
| spellingShingle | Suresh Thangudu Chia-Hao Su Review of light activated antibacterial nanomaterials in the second biological window Journal of Nanobiotechnology Nanomaterials NIR-II biological window Phototherapy Combination therapy Antibacterial activity Wound healing |
| title | Review of light activated antibacterial nanomaterials in the second biological window |
| title_full | Review of light activated antibacterial nanomaterials in the second biological window |
| title_fullStr | Review of light activated antibacterial nanomaterials in the second biological window |
| title_full_unstemmed | Review of light activated antibacterial nanomaterials in the second biological window |
| title_short | Review of light activated antibacterial nanomaterials in the second biological window |
| title_sort | review of light activated antibacterial nanomaterials in the second biological window |
| topic | Nanomaterials NIR-II biological window Phototherapy Combination therapy Antibacterial activity Wound healing |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03333-x |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sureshthangudu reviewoflightactivatedantibacterialnanomaterialsinthesecondbiologicalwindow AT chiahaosu reviewoflightactivatedantibacterialnanomaterialsinthesecondbiologicalwindow |