Tumor-resident Malassezia can promote hepatocellular carcinoma development by downregulating bile acid synthesis and modulating tumor microenvironment

Abstract Bacterial dysbiosis coincides with the carcinogenesis in malignancies such as lung and colon cancer, and has recently been suggested to involve in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mycobiome has not yet been definitively linked to liver tumorigenesis. Here we...

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Main Authors: Weixi Shen, Zhihong Li, Lei Wang, Qi Liu, Renjie Zhang, Yuhua Yao, Zhicheng Zhao, Lei Ji
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99973-y
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author Weixi Shen
Zhihong Li
Lei Wang
Qi Liu
Renjie Zhang
Yuhua Yao
Zhicheng Zhao
Lei Ji
author_facet Weixi Shen
Zhihong Li
Lei Wang
Qi Liu
Renjie Zhang
Yuhua Yao
Zhicheng Zhao
Lei Ji
author_sort Weixi Shen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Bacterial dysbiosis coincides with the carcinogenesis in malignancies such as lung and colon cancer, and has recently been suggested to involve in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mycobiome has not yet been definitively linked to liver tumorigenesis. Here we showed that the microbiota composition of HCC tumors was distinct from that of the normal adjacent to tumor (NAT) on the basis of richness and beta-diversity indices. Specifically, the fungal community that infiltrated HCC tumors was markedly enriched for Malassezia spp. and genus Malassezia in tumors was substantially more abundant than that in NAT. We also discovered that the relative abundance of genus Malassezia was strongly correlated with the tumor microenvironment (TME) signatures, including stromal and immune components. In addition, tumor-resident Malassezia could inhibit bile acid synthesis by downregulating the expression level of CYP7 A1 and CYP27 A1. To improve clinical usability, we developed a set of Malassezia-related genes, called Malassezia.Sig, which could accurately predict patient survival. Collectively, our work shows that tumor-resident Malasseiza may promote HCC progression by downregulating bile acid synthesis and modulating the TME, although more studies are needed.
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issn 2045-2322
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spelling doaj-art-da4c130dcbc7470e9bf585123e2b5fb82025-08-20T01:47:32ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-99973-yTumor-resident Malassezia can promote hepatocellular carcinoma development by downregulating bile acid synthesis and modulating tumor microenvironmentWeixi Shen0Zhihong Li1Lei Wang2Qi Liu3Renjie Zhang4Yuhua Yao5Zhicheng Zhao6Lei Ji7Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityGanzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People’s HospitalWomen’s Health Section, Harbin Red Cross Central HospitalDepartment of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversitySchool of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan Normal UniversityThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGeneis Beijing Co., LtdAbstract Bacterial dysbiosis coincides with the carcinogenesis in malignancies such as lung and colon cancer, and has recently been suggested to involve in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mycobiome has not yet been definitively linked to liver tumorigenesis. Here we showed that the microbiota composition of HCC tumors was distinct from that of the normal adjacent to tumor (NAT) on the basis of richness and beta-diversity indices. Specifically, the fungal community that infiltrated HCC tumors was markedly enriched for Malassezia spp. and genus Malassezia in tumors was substantially more abundant than that in NAT. We also discovered that the relative abundance of genus Malassezia was strongly correlated with the tumor microenvironment (TME) signatures, including stromal and immune components. In addition, tumor-resident Malassezia could inhibit bile acid synthesis by downregulating the expression level of CYP7 A1 and CYP27 A1. To improve clinical usability, we developed a set of Malassezia-related genes, called Malassezia.Sig, which could accurately predict patient survival. Collectively, our work shows that tumor-resident Malasseiza may promote HCC progression by downregulating bile acid synthesis and modulating the TME, although more studies are needed.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99973-yHepatocellular carcinomaIntratumoral microbiotaMalasseziaTumor microenvironment
spellingShingle Weixi Shen
Zhihong Li
Lei Wang
Qi Liu
Renjie Zhang
Yuhua Yao
Zhicheng Zhao
Lei Ji
Tumor-resident Malassezia can promote hepatocellular carcinoma development by downregulating bile acid synthesis and modulating tumor microenvironment
Scientific Reports
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Intratumoral microbiota
Malassezia
Tumor microenvironment
title Tumor-resident Malassezia can promote hepatocellular carcinoma development by downregulating bile acid synthesis and modulating tumor microenvironment
title_full Tumor-resident Malassezia can promote hepatocellular carcinoma development by downregulating bile acid synthesis and modulating tumor microenvironment
title_fullStr Tumor-resident Malassezia can promote hepatocellular carcinoma development by downregulating bile acid synthesis and modulating tumor microenvironment
title_full_unstemmed Tumor-resident Malassezia can promote hepatocellular carcinoma development by downregulating bile acid synthesis and modulating tumor microenvironment
title_short Tumor-resident Malassezia can promote hepatocellular carcinoma development by downregulating bile acid synthesis and modulating tumor microenvironment
title_sort tumor resident malassezia can promote hepatocellular carcinoma development by downregulating bile acid synthesis and modulating tumor microenvironment
topic Hepatocellular carcinoma
Intratumoral microbiota
Malassezia
Tumor microenvironment
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99973-y
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