Female sex bias in Iberian megalithic societies through bioarchaeology, aDNA and proteomics

Abstract Uncertainties regarding traditional osteological methods in biological sex estimation can often be overcome with genomic and proteomic analyses. The combination of the three methodologies has been used for a better understanding of the gender-related funerary rituals at the Iberian megalith...

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Main Authors: Marta Díaz-Zorita Bonilla, Gonzalo Aranda Jiménez, Margarita Sánchez Romero, Rosa Fregel, Katharina Rebay-Salisbury, Fabian Kanz, Miriam Vílchez Suárez, Sonia Robles Carrasco, Paula Becerra Fuello, Alejandra C. Ordónez, Michael Wolf, Javier González Serrano, Lara Milesi García
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-09-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72148-x
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author Marta Díaz-Zorita Bonilla
Gonzalo Aranda Jiménez
Margarita Sánchez Romero
Rosa Fregel
Katharina Rebay-Salisbury
Fabian Kanz
Miriam Vílchez Suárez
Sonia Robles Carrasco
Paula Becerra Fuello
Alejandra C. Ordónez
Michael Wolf
Javier González Serrano
Lara Milesi García
author_facet Marta Díaz-Zorita Bonilla
Gonzalo Aranda Jiménez
Margarita Sánchez Romero
Rosa Fregel
Katharina Rebay-Salisbury
Fabian Kanz
Miriam Vílchez Suárez
Sonia Robles Carrasco
Paula Becerra Fuello
Alejandra C. Ordónez
Michael Wolf
Javier González Serrano
Lara Milesi García
author_sort Marta Díaz-Zorita Bonilla
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Uncertainties regarding traditional osteological methods in biological sex estimation can often be overcome with genomic and proteomic analyses. The combination of the three methodologies has been used for a better understanding of the gender-related funerary rituals at the Iberian megalithic cemetery of Panoría. As a result, 44 individuals have been sexed including, for the first time, non-adults. Contrary to the male bias found in many Iberian and European megalithic monuments, the Panoría population shows a clear sex ratio imbalance in favour of females, with twice as many females as males. Furthermore, this imbalance is found regardless of the criterion considered: sex ratio by tomb, chronological period, method of sex estimation, or age group. Biological relatedness was considered as possible sociocultural explanations for this female-related bias. However, the current results obtained for Panoría are indicative of a female-centred social structure potentially influencing rites and cultural traditions.
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spelling doaj-art-da44bc46e9954a24900b496d5492f4be2025-08-20T03:52:20ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-09-0114111310.1038/s41598-024-72148-xFemale sex bias in Iberian megalithic societies through bioarchaeology, aDNA and proteomicsMarta Díaz-Zorita Bonilla0Gonzalo Aranda Jiménez1Margarita Sánchez Romero 2Rosa Fregel3Katharina Rebay-Salisbury4Fabian Kanz5Miriam Vílchez Suárez6Sonia Robles Carrasco7Paula Becerra Fuello8Alejandra C. Ordónez9Michael Wolf10Javier González Serrano11Lara Milesi García12Institute for Pre- and Protohistory and Medieval Archaeology, University of TübingenDepartment of Prehistory and Archaeology, University of GranadaDepartment of Prehistory and Archaeology, University of GranadaDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La LagunaDepartment of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, University of ViennaCenter for Forensic Medicine, Medical University of ViennaDepartment of Prehistory and Archaeology, University of GranadaDepartment of Prehistory and Archaeology, University of GranadaDepartment of Prehistory and Archaeology, University of GranadaDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La LagunaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, University of ViennaDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La LagunaDepartment of Historical Sciences, University of MalagaAbstract Uncertainties regarding traditional osteological methods in biological sex estimation can often be overcome with genomic and proteomic analyses. The combination of the three methodologies has been used for a better understanding of the gender-related funerary rituals at the Iberian megalithic cemetery of Panoría. As a result, 44 individuals have been sexed including, for the first time, non-adults. Contrary to the male bias found in many Iberian and European megalithic monuments, the Panoría population shows a clear sex ratio imbalance in favour of females, with twice as many females as males. Furthermore, this imbalance is found regardless of the criterion considered: sex ratio by tomb, chronological period, method of sex estimation, or age group. Biological relatedness was considered as possible sociocultural explanations for this female-related bias. However, the current results obtained for Panoría are indicative of a female-centred social structure potentially influencing rites and cultural traditions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72148-xMegalithismIberian PeninsulaFunerary ritualGender archaeologyAmelogenin peptideMolecular sex
spellingShingle Marta Díaz-Zorita Bonilla
Gonzalo Aranda Jiménez
Margarita Sánchez Romero
Rosa Fregel
Katharina Rebay-Salisbury
Fabian Kanz
Miriam Vílchez Suárez
Sonia Robles Carrasco
Paula Becerra Fuello
Alejandra C. Ordónez
Michael Wolf
Javier González Serrano
Lara Milesi García
Female sex bias in Iberian megalithic societies through bioarchaeology, aDNA and proteomics
Scientific Reports
Megalithism
Iberian Peninsula
Funerary ritual
Gender archaeology
Amelogenin peptide
Molecular sex
title Female sex bias in Iberian megalithic societies through bioarchaeology, aDNA and proteomics
title_full Female sex bias in Iberian megalithic societies through bioarchaeology, aDNA and proteomics
title_fullStr Female sex bias in Iberian megalithic societies through bioarchaeology, aDNA and proteomics
title_full_unstemmed Female sex bias in Iberian megalithic societies through bioarchaeology, aDNA and proteomics
title_short Female sex bias in Iberian megalithic societies through bioarchaeology, aDNA and proteomics
title_sort female sex bias in iberian megalithic societies through bioarchaeology adna and proteomics
topic Megalithism
Iberian Peninsula
Funerary ritual
Gender archaeology
Amelogenin peptide
Molecular sex
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72148-x
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