The effect of physical exercise on sleep quality in university students: chain mediation of health literacy and life satisfaction

ObjectiveThe present study was designed to explore the relationship between physical exercise and sleep quality. Specifically, it investigates the extent to which this relationship is mediated by a sequential process involving health literacy and life satisfaction.MethodsData on physical exercise, s...

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Main Authors: Mo-Han He, Tian-Yu Zhao, Wei-Dong Zhu, Hu Lou, Ding-You Zhang, Fan-Zheng Mu, Xin-Yu Zhang, Yu-Han Li, Wen-Hao Zhang, Qi Liu, Jia-Qiang Wang, Chen-Xi Li, Hao-Yu Li, Ning Zhou, Yao Zhang, Hao-Jie Zuo, Wei Wang, Xiao-Yu Wang, Bo-Chun Lu, Lin-Lin Zhao, Shan-Shan Han, Ya-Xing Li, Yang-Sheng Zhang, Ling-Li Xu, Yu-Yan Qian, Chuan-Yi Xu, Han Li, Shuo Feng, Qing Zhang, Jian-Gang Sun, Lan-Lan Yang, Bo Li, Fei Gu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1604916/full
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author Mo-Han He
Tian-Yu Zhao
Wei-Dong Zhu
Hu Lou
Ding-You Zhang
Fan-Zheng Mu
Xin-Yu Zhang
Yu-Han Li
Wen-Hao Zhang
Qi Liu
Jia-Qiang Wang
Chen-Xi Li
Hao-Yu Li
Ning Zhou
Yao Zhang
Hao-Jie Zuo
Wei Wang
Xiao-Yu Wang
Bo-Chun Lu
Lin-Lin Zhao
Shan-Shan Han
Ya-Xing Li
Yang-Sheng Zhang
Ling-Li Xu
Yu-Yan Qian
Chuan-Yi Xu
Han Li
Shuo Feng
Qing Zhang
Jian-Gang Sun
Lan-Lan Yang
Bo Li
Fei Gu
author_facet Mo-Han He
Tian-Yu Zhao
Wei-Dong Zhu
Hu Lou
Ding-You Zhang
Fan-Zheng Mu
Xin-Yu Zhang
Yu-Han Li
Wen-Hao Zhang
Qi Liu
Jia-Qiang Wang
Chen-Xi Li
Hao-Yu Li
Ning Zhou
Yao Zhang
Hao-Jie Zuo
Wei Wang
Xiao-Yu Wang
Bo-Chun Lu
Lin-Lin Zhao
Shan-Shan Han
Ya-Xing Li
Yang-Sheng Zhang
Ling-Li Xu
Yu-Yan Qian
Chuan-Yi Xu
Han Li
Shuo Feng
Qing Zhang
Jian-Gang Sun
Lan-Lan Yang
Bo Li
Fei Gu
author_sort Mo-Han He
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveThe present study was designed to explore the relationship between physical exercise and sleep quality. Specifically, it investigates the extent to which this relationship is mediated by a sequential process involving health literacy and life satisfaction.MethodsData on physical exercise, sleep quality, health literacy, and life satisfaction were collected from a sample of 12,646 college students (study participants) using a questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and AMOS software, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis.ResultsCorrelation analyses revealed a weak positive correlation between physical exercise and sleep quality (r = 0.290), a significant positive correlation between physical exercise and health literacy (r = 0.203, p < 0.01), and a significant positive correlation between physical exercise and life satisfaction (r = 0.374, p < 0.01). Conversely, sleep quality exhibited a significant negative correlation with health literacy (r = −0.091, p < 0.01) and a significant negative correlation with life satisfaction (r = −0.228, p < 0.01). Health literacy and life satisfaction were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.352, p < 0.01). Regression analysis indicated that physical exercise did not directly and significantly predict sleep quality (β = −0.010). This study exhibits a complete mediation effect. However, mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of physical exercise on sleep quality through health literacy (95% CI: [−0.022, −0.013]) and life satisfaction (95% CI: [−0.024, −0.015]). Furthermore, a significant chain-mediating effect was observed, wherein physical exercise influenced sleep quality sequentially through health literacy and life satisfaction (95% CI: [−0.018, −0.013]). The non-significant direct effect of physical exercise on sleep quality and the significant indirect impact suggest that the relationship between physical exercise and sleep quality is primarily mediated through health literacy and life satisfaction. These findings highlight the crucial role of health literacy and life satisfaction as mediators in this relationship.ConclusionWhile physical exercise did not exert a direct and significant effect on sleep quality in this study, the significant mediating roles of health literacy and life satisfaction suggest potential avenues for intervention. Specifically, these findings imply that multifaceted approaches, encompassing strategies to promote physical activity, enhance health literacy, and improve life satisfaction, may improve sleep quality among college students.
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spelling doaj-art-da373626b75c4190a27d2c6076fd0abe2025-08-20T03:16:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-07-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.16049161604916The effect of physical exercise on sleep quality in university students: chain mediation of health literacy and life satisfactionMo-Han He0Tian-Yu Zhao1Wei-Dong Zhu2Hu Lou3Ding-You Zhang4Fan-Zheng Mu5Xin-Yu Zhang6Yu-Han Li7Wen-Hao Zhang8Qi Liu9Jia-Qiang Wang10Chen-Xi Li11Hao-Yu Li12Ning Zhou13Yao Zhang14Hao-Jie Zuo15Wei Wang16Xiao-Yu Wang17Bo-Chun Lu18Lin-Lin Zhao19Shan-Shan Han20Ya-Xing Li21Yang-Sheng Zhang22Ling-Li Xu23Yu-Yan Qian24Chuan-Yi Xu25Han Li26Shuo Feng27Qing Zhang28Jian-Gang Sun29Lan-Lan Yang30Bo Li31Fei Gu32Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaFaculty of Nursing, Shangqiu Medical College, Shangqiu, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaSchool of Physical Education and Sports Science, Nantong University, Shanghai, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaSchool of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaPhysical Education University, Shang Qiu University, Shangqiu, ChinaSchool of Physical Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaJournal Publishing Center, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaGuangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, ChinaOrdos Institute of Technology, Ordos, China0School of Physical Education, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China1Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Yangling, China2College of Physical Education, West Anhui University, Lu'an, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaInstitute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, ChinaObjectiveThe present study was designed to explore the relationship between physical exercise and sleep quality. Specifically, it investigates the extent to which this relationship is mediated by a sequential process involving health literacy and life satisfaction.MethodsData on physical exercise, sleep quality, health literacy, and life satisfaction were collected from a sample of 12,646 college students (study participants) using a questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and AMOS software, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis.ResultsCorrelation analyses revealed a weak positive correlation between physical exercise and sleep quality (r = 0.290), a significant positive correlation between physical exercise and health literacy (r = 0.203, p < 0.01), and a significant positive correlation between physical exercise and life satisfaction (r = 0.374, p < 0.01). Conversely, sleep quality exhibited a significant negative correlation with health literacy (r = −0.091, p < 0.01) and a significant negative correlation with life satisfaction (r = −0.228, p < 0.01). Health literacy and life satisfaction were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.352, p < 0.01). Regression analysis indicated that physical exercise did not directly and significantly predict sleep quality (β = −0.010). This study exhibits a complete mediation effect. However, mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of physical exercise on sleep quality through health literacy (95% CI: [−0.022, −0.013]) and life satisfaction (95% CI: [−0.024, −0.015]). Furthermore, a significant chain-mediating effect was observed, wherein physical exercise influenced sleep quality sequentially through health literacy and life satisfaction (95% CI: [−0.018, −0.013]). The non-significant direct effect of physical exercise on sleep quality and the significant indirect impact suggest that the relationship between physical exercise and sleep quality is primarily mediated through health literacy and life satisfaction. These findings highlight the crucial role of health literacy and life satisfaction as mediators in this relationship.ConclusionWhile physical exercise did not exert a direct and significant effect on sleep quality in this study, the significant mediating roles of health literacy and life satisfaction suggest potential avenues for intervention. Specifically, these findings imply that multifaceted approaches, encompassing strategies to promote physical activity, enhance health literacy, and improve life satisfaction, may improve sleep quality among college students.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1604916/fullphysical exercisequality of sleephealth literacylife satisfactionthe chain mediating effect
spellingShingle Mo-Han He
Tian-Yu Zhao
Wei-Dong Zhu
Hu Lou
Ding-You Zhang
Fan-Zheng Mu
Xin-Yu Zhang
Yu-Han Li
Wen-Hao Zhang
Qi Liu
Jia-Qiang Wang
Chen-Xi Li
Hao-Yu Li
Ning Zhou
Yao Zhang
Hao-Jie Zuo
Wei Wang
Xiao-Yu Wang
Bo-Chun Lu
Lin-Lin Zhao
Shan-Shan Han
Ya-Xing Li
Yang-Sheng Zhang
Ling-Li Xu
Yu-Yan Qian
Chuan-Yi Xu
Han Li
Shuo Feng
Qing Zhang
Jian-Gang Sun
Lan-Lan Yang
Bo Li
Fei Gu
The effect of physical exercise on sleep quality in university students: chain mediation of health literacy and life satisfaction
Frontiers in Psychology
physical exercise
quality of sleep
health literacy
life satisfaction
the chain mediating effect
title The effect of physical exercise on sleep quality in university students: chain mediation of health literacy and life satisfaction
title_full The effect of physical exercise on sleep quality in university students: chain mediation of health literacy and life satisfaction
title_fullStr The effect of physical exercise on sleep quality in university students: chain mediation of health literacy and life satisfaction
title_full_unstemmed The effect of physical exercise on sleep quality in university students: chain mediation of health literacy and life satisfaction
title_short The effect of physical exercise on sleep quality in university students: chain mediation of health literacy and life satisfaction
title_sort effect of physical exercise on sleep quality in university students chain mediation of health literacy and life satisfaction
topic physical exercise
quality of sleep
health literacy
life satisfaction
the chain mediating effect
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1604916/full
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