Genomic and transcriptomic determinants of clinical outcomes in patients with AML and DNMT3A mutations

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and DNMT3A mutations (DNMT3A mut) are considered to carry intermediate risk under the 2022 European LeukemiaNet (ELN-2022) classification in the absence of other co-mutations or cytogenetic abnormalities. However, this group is highly heterogeneous. In this stud...

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Main Authors: Sao-Chih Ni, Chi-Yuan Yao, Xavier Cheng-Hong Tsai, Min-Yen Lo, Chien-Yuan Chen, Wan-Hsuan Lee, Chien-Chin Lin, Yuan-Yeh Kuo, Yen-Ling Peng, Mei-Hsuan Tseng, Yu-Sin Wu, Ming-Chih Liu, Liang-In Lin, Ming-Kai Chuang, Bor-Sheng Ko, Ming Yao, Jih-Luh Tang, Feng-Ming Tien, Wen-Chien Chou, Hsin-An Hou, Hwei-Fang Tien
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-05-01
Series:Blood Cancer Journal
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-025-01287-9
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author Sao-Chih Ni
Chi-Yuan Yao
Xavier Cheng-Hong Tsai
Min-Yen Lo
Chien-Yuan Chen
Wan-Hsuan Lee
Chien-Chin Lin
Yuan-Yeh Kuo
Yen-Ling Peng
Mei-Hsuan Tseng
Yu-Sin Wu
Ming-Chih Liu
Liang-In Lin
Ming-Kai Chuang
Bor-Sheng Ko
Ming Yao
Jih-Luh Tang
Feng-Ming Tien
Wen-Chien Chou
Hsin-An Hou
Hwei-Fang Tien
author_facet Sao-Chih Ni
Chi-Yuan Yao
Xavier Cheng-Hong Tsai
Min-Yen Lo
Chien-Yuan Chen
Wan-Hsuan Lee
Chien-Chin Lin
Yuan-Yeh Kuo
Yen-Ling Peng
Mei-Hsuan Tseng
Yu-Sin Wu
Ming-Chih Liu
Liang-In Lin
Ming-Kai Chuang
Bor-Sheng Ko
Ming Yao
Jih-Luh Tang
Feng-Ming Tien
Wen-Chien Chou
Hsin-An Hou
Hwei-Fang Tien
author_sort Sao-Chih Ni
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and DNMT3A mutations (DNMT3A mut) are considered to carry intermediate risk under the 2022 European LeukemiaNet (ELN-2022) classification in the absence of other co-mutations or cytogenetic abnormalities. However, this group is highly heterogeneous. In this study, the genomic and transcriptomic features influencing outcomes in DNMT3A-mutated AML were examined in a cohort of 884 patients with AML receiving standard chemotherapy. Stratification by NPM1 and FLT3-ITD status revealed worse survival among patients with NPM1 mutations and wild-type FLT3-ITD (NPM1 mut/FLT3-ITDwt) than patients in the ELN-2022 favorable risk group. The other three subgroups (NPM1 mut/FLT3-ITDmut, NPM1 wt/FLT3-ITDmut, and NPM1 wt/FLT3-ITDwt) exhibited worse prognoses than patients in the ELN-2022 intermediate risk group. Additionally, the presence of TET2 mut in patients with AML and DNMT3A mut/NPM1 mut/FLT3-ITDwt led to reclassification from favorable risk to intermediate risk in the ELN-2022. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed a distinct transcriptomic profile in patients with TET2 mut, highlighting the enrichment of leukemic stem cell signatures and dendritic cell migration, with MMP14, CD200, and CT45A5 identified as key differentially expressed genes. In conclusion, co-mutation patterns strongly affected AML outcomes in patients with DNMT3A mut. Patients with TET2 mut constituted a unique subgroup within the ELN-2022 favorable DNMT3A mut/NPM1 mut/FLT3-ITDwt group, characterized by distinct transcriptomic features and an unfavorable prognosis.
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spelling doaj-art-da3371ec7ab543c482108b94cc3ac5ca2025-08-20T03:48:15ZengNature Publishing GroupBlood Cancer Journal2044-53852025-05-0115111010.1038/s41408-025-01287-9Genomic and transcriptomic determinants of clinical outcomes in patients with AML and DNMT3A mutationsSao-Chih Ni0Chi-Yuan Yao1Xavier Cheng-Hong Tsai2Min-Yen Lo3Chien-Yuan Chen4Wan-Hsuan Lee5Chien-Chin Lin6Yuan-Yeh Kuo7Yen-Ling Peng8Mei-Hsuan Tseng9Yu-Sin Wu10Ming-Chih Liu11Liang-In Lin12Ming-Kai Chuang13Bor-Sheng Ko14Ming Yao15Jih-Luh Tang16Feng-Ming Tien17Wen-Chien Chou18Hsin-An Hou19Hwei-Fang Tien20Department of Hematological Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer CenterDivision of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University HospitalDivision of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University HospitalGraduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu BranchGraduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityDivision of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University HospitalTai-Chen Cell Therapy Center, National Taiwan UniversityDivision of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University HospitalTai-Chen Cell Therapy Center, National Taiwan UniversityDepartment of Nursing, National Taiwan University HospitalDepartment of Pathology, National Taiwan University HospitalDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityDivision of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University HospitalDepartment of Hematological Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer CenterDivision of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University HospitalDepartment of Hematological Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer CenterDivision of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University HospitalDivision of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University HospitalDivision of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University HospitalDivision of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University HospitalAbstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and DNMT3A mutations (DNMT3A mut) are considered to carry intermediate risk under the 2022 European LeukemiaNet (ELN-2022) classification in the absence of other co-mutations or cytogenetic abnormalities. However, this group is highly heterogeneous. In this study, the genomic and transcriptomic features influencing outcomes in DNMT3A-mutated AML were examined in a cohort of 884 patients with AML receiving standard chemotherapy. Stratification by NPM1 and FLT3-ITD status revealed worse survival among patients with NPM1 mutations and wild-type FLT3-ITD (NPM1 mut/FLT3-ITDwt) than patients in the ELN-2022 favorable risk group. The other three subgroups (NPM1 mut/FLT3-ITDmut, NPM1 wt/FLT3-ITDmut, and NPM1 wt/FLT3-ITDwt) exhibited worse prognoses than patients in the ELN-2022 intermediate risk group. Additionally, the presence of TET2 mut in patients with AML and DNMT3A mut/NPM1 mut/FLT3-ITDwt led to reclassification from favorable risk to intermediate risk in the ELN-2022. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed a distinct transcriptomic profile in patients with TET2 mut, highlighting the enrichment of leukemic stem cell signatures and dendritic cell migration, with MMP14, CD200, and CT45A5 identified as key differentially expressed genes. In conclusion, co-mutation patterns strongly affected AML outcomes in patients with DNMT3A mut. Patients with TET2 mut constituted a unique subgroup within the ELN-2022 favorable DNMT3A mut/NPM1 mut/FLT3-ITDwt group, characterized by distinct transcriptomic features and an unfavorable prognosis.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-025-01287-9
spellingShingle Sao-Chih Ni
Chi-Yuan Yao
Xavier Cheng-Hong Tsai
Min-Yen Lo
Chien-Yuan Chen
Wan-Hsuan Lee
Chien-Chin Lin
Yuan-Yeh Kuo
Yen-Ling Peng
Mei-Hsuan Tseng
Yu-Sin Wu
Ming-Chih Liu
Liang-In Lin
Ming-Kai Chuang
Bor-Sheng Ko
Ming Yao
Jih-Luh Tang
Feng-Ming Tien
Wen-Chien Chou
Hsin-An Hou
Hwei-Fang Tien
Genomic and transcriptomic determinants of clinical outcomes in patients with AML and DNMT3A mutations
Blood Cancer Journal
title Genomic and transcriptomic determinants of clinical outcomes in patients with AML and DNMT3A mutations
title_full Genomic and transcriptomic determinants of clinical outcomes in patients with AML and DNMT3A mutations
title_fullStr Genomic and transcriptomic determinants of clinical outcomes in patients with AML and DNMT3A mutations
title_full_unstemmed Genomic and transcriptomic determinants of clinical outcomes in patients with AML and DNMT3A mutations
title_short Genomic and transcriptomic determinants of clinical outcomes in patients with AML and DNMT3A mutations
title_sort genomic and transcriptomic determinants of clinical outcomes in patients with aml and dnmt3a mutations
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-025-01287-9
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