Associations between smoking and osteoporosis and all-cause mortality in participants from the United States: a cohort study

Associations between smoking and osteoporosis and all-cause mortality in participants from the United States: a cohort study

BackgroundSmoking is a global public health concern, with approximately 1,245 billion smokers worldwide. It is associated with a range of health complications, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, has...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiaoqin Qu, Jingcheng Jiang, Qingshan Deng, Han Wang, Chao Zhang, Xiaoping Xu, Yong Yi, Lihua Qiu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Endocrinology
Subjects:
smoke
osteoporosis
interaction
all-cause mortality
NHANES
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1533633/full
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