Extraction and analysis of spatial heterodyne potassium signals based on principal component analysis and non-local means method

The use of flame suppressants in jet-propelled aircraft significantly reduces the infrared radiation of their exhaust plumes, thereby increasing the difficulty of target detection based on infrared radiation. Potassium salts, as a component of flame suppressants, produce characteristic signals when...

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Main Authors: Wang XinQiang, Yang SiQian, Xiong Wei, Wang FangYuan, Ye Song
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: EDP Sciences 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications
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Online Access:https://jeos.edpsciences.org/articles/jeos/full_html/2025/01/jeos20240080/jeos20240080.html
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author Wang XinQiang
Yang SiQian
Xiong Wei
Wang FangYuan
Ye Song
author_facet Wang XinQiang
Yang SiQian
Xiong Wei
Wang FangYuan
Ye Song
author_sort Wang XinQiang
collection DOAJ
description The use of flame suppressants in jet-propelled aircraft significantly reduces the infrared radiation of their exhaust plumes, thereby increasing the difficulty of target detection based on infrared radiation. Potassium salts, as a component of flame suppressants, produce characteristic signals when burned. To probe into new methods for detecting flying targets, a spatial heterodyne spectrometer is utilized to detect the weak signals from potassium salt combustion against a sky background, combined with data processing techniques. In the experiment, a potassium lamp is employed to simulate the potassium combustion signals and placed in a sky background for data acquisition. Preliminary processing results revealed that the signals were submerged within the atmospheric background. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is then applied to separate the atmospheric background from the weak potassium lamp signals in the mixed signals, followed by the introduction of the Non-Local Means (NLM) denoising algorithm to suppress noise. Finally, Principal Component Regression (PCR) is used to restore the potassium lamp signals. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the potassium lamp signals could be effectively extracted at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0.1310, and the signal intensity exhibited a linear relationship with the current, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9823. Thus, the combination of spatial heterodyne detection technology with PCA and NLM methods is feasible for detecting potassium combustion signals against an atmospheric background to identify jet-propelled flying targets.
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spelling doaj-art-da148b1f9b204807b8a339b4ea4154032025-08-20T03:07:27ZengEDP SciencesJournal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications1990-25732025-01-012111310.1051/jeos/2025008jeos20240080Extraction and analysis of spatial heterodyne potassium signals based on principal component analysis and non-local means methodWang XinQiang0Yang SiQian1https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3569-1913Xiong Wei2Wang FangYuan3Ye Song4School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic TechnologySchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical Science, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of SciencesSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic TechnologySchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyThe use of flame suppressants in jet-propelled aircraft significantly reduces the infrared radiation of their exhaust plumes, thereby increasing the difficulty of target detection based on infrared radiation. Potassium salts, as a component of flame suppressants, produce characteristic signals when burned. To probe into new methods for detecting flying targets, a spatial heterodyne spectrometer is utilized to detect the weak signals from potassium salt combustion against a sky background, combined with data processing techniques. In the experiment, a potassium lamp is employed to simulate the potassium combustion signals and placed in a sky background for data acquisition. Preliminary processing results revealed that the signals were submerged within the atmospheric background. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is then applied to separate the atmospheric background from the weak potassium lamp signals in the mixed signals, followed by the introduction of the Non-Local Means (NLM) denoising algorithm to suppress noise. Finally, Principal Component Regression (PCR) is used to restore the potassium lamp signals. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the potassium lamp signals could be effectively extracted at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0.1310, and the signal intensity exhibited a linear relationship with the current, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9823. Thus, the combination of spatial heterodyne detection technology with PCA and NLM methods is feasible for detecting potassium combustion signals against an atmospheric background to identify jet-propelled flying targets.https://jeos.edpsciences.org/articles/jeos/full_html/2025/01/jeos20240080/jeos20240080.htmlhybrid spectroscopyprincipal component analysisnon-local meansspatial heterodyne spectrometer
spellingShingle Wang XinQiang
Yang SiQian
Xiong Wei
Wang FangYuan
Ye Song
Extraction and analysis of spatial heterodyne potassium signals based on principal component analysis and non-local means method
Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications
hybrid spectroscopy
principal component analysis
non-local means
spatial heterodyne spectrometer
title Extraction and analysis of spatial heterodyne potassium signals based on principal component analysis and non-local means method
title_full Extraction and analysis of spatial heterodyne potassium signals based on principal component analysis and non-local means method
title_fullStr Extraction and analysis of spatial heterodyne potassium signals based on principal component analysis and non-local means method
title_full_unstemmed Extraction and analysis of spatial heterodyne potassium signals based on principal component analysis and non-local means method
title_short Extraction and analysis of spatial heterodyne potassium signals based on principal component analysis and non-local means method
title_sort extraction and analysis of spatial heterodyne potassium signals based on principal component analysis and non local means method
topic hybrid spectroscopy
principal component analysis
non-local means
spatial heterodyne spectrometer
url https://jeos.edpsciences.org/articles/jeos/full_html/2025/01/jeos20240080/jeos20240080.html
work_keys_str_mv AT wangxinqiang extractionandanalysisofspatialheterodynepotassiumsignalsbasedonprincipalcomponentanalysisandnonlocalmeansmethod
AT yangsiqian extractionandanalysisofspatialheterodynepotassiumsignalsbasedonprincipalcomponentanalysisandnonlocalmeansmethod
AT xiongwei extractionandanalysisofspatialheterodynepotassiumsignalsbasedonprincipalcomponentanalysisandnonlocalmeansmethod
AT wangfangyuan extractionandanalysisofspatialheterodynepotassiumsignalsbasedonprincipalcomponentanalysisandnonlocalmeansmethod
AT yesong extractionandanalysisofspatialheterodynepotassiumsignalsbasedonprincipalcomponentanalysisandnonlocalmeansmethod