Derating of Electrical Contacts with Varying Surface Roughness

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of contact surface roughness on the performance characteristics of M12-type electrical contacts, with particular emphasis on current and thermal derating parameters. Three samples were prepared, all made from the same conductive material CuZn42, in accordance...

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Main Authors: Veronika Kharina, Andrzej Kurek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6196
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author Veronika Kharina
Andrzej Kurek
author_facet Veronika Kharina
Andrzej Kurek
author_sort Veronika Kharina
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to evaluate the impact of contact surface roughness on the performance characteristics of M12-type electrical contacts, with particular emphasis on current and thermal derating parameters. Three samples were prepared, all made from the same conductive material CuZn42, in accordance with identical geometric and technological specifications, differing in the surface roughness value: R<sub>z</sub> = 2 μm, representing high surface finish quality, and R<sub>z</sub> = 10 μm, representing lower quality. The results showed that the surface roughness of the contact significantly affects the thermal and electrical properties of the tested contacts. Surfaces with lower roughness (R<sub>z</sub> = 2 μm) exhibited better electrical conductivity, lower contact resistance, and slower temperature rise as the current load increased. In contrast, contacts with higher roughness (R<sub>z</sub> = 10 μm) showed a faster temperature rise and a reduction in the maximum allowable current at higher ambient temperatures. These results could be useful in the design of systems requiring reliability, particularly in high-power devices.
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issn 2076-3417
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spelling doaj-art-da12692884834a3686e15e293ea0a58c2025-08-20T02:23:04ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011511619610.3390/app15116196Derating of Electrical Contacts with Varying Surface RoughnessVeronika Kharina0Andrzej Kurek1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, ul. Mikołajczyka 5, 45-271 Opole, PolandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, ul. Mikołajczyka 5, 45-271 Opole, PolandThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of contact surface roughness on the performance characteristics of M12-type electrical contacts, with particular emphasis on current and thermal derating parameters. Three samples were prepared, all made from the same conductive material CuZn42, in accordance with identical geometric and technological specifications, differing in the surface roughness value: R<sub>z</sub> = 2 μm, representing high surface finish quality, and R<sub>z</sub> = 10 μm, representing lower quality. The results showed that the surface roughness of the contact significantly affects the thermal and electrical properties of the tested contacts. Surfaces with lower roughness (R<sub>z</sub> = 2 μm) exhibited better electrical conductivity, lower contact resistance, and slower temperature rise as the current load increased. In contrast, contacts with higher roughness (R<sub>z</sub> = 10 μm) showed a faster temperature rise and a reduction in the maximum allowable current at higher ambient temperatures. These results could be useful in the design of systems requiring reliability, particularly in high-power devices.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6196electrical contactssurface roughnesscontact resistancethermal deratingCuZn42 alloy
spellingShingle Veronika Kharina
Andrzej Kurek
Derating of Electrical Contacts with Varying Surface Roughness
Applied Sciences
electrical contacts
surface roughness
contact resistance
thermal derating
CuZn42 alloy
title Derating of Electrical Contacts with Varying Surface Roughness
title_full Derating of Electrical Contacts with Varying Surface Roughness
title_fullStr Derating of Electrical Contacts with Varying Surface Roughness
title_full_unstemmed Derating of Electrical Contacts with Varying Surface Roughness
title_short Derating of Electrical Contacts with Varying Surface Roughness
title_sort derating of electrical contacts with varying surface roughness
topic electrical contacts
surface roughness
contact resistance
thermal derating
CuZn42 alloy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6196
work_keys_str_mv AT veronikakharina deratingofelectricalcontactswithvaryingsurfaceroughness
AT andrzejkurek deratingofelectricalcontactswithvaryingsurfaceroughness