Genomics and metabolic responses reveal the effect of Candida tropicalis ZD-3 on the degradation of Gossypol

Cottonseed meal is widely used as an alternative source of protein in the animal feed industry. However, the presence of toxic gossypol limits its use in livestock production. In order to reduce gossypol toxicity, microbial degradation is generally considered to be an environmentally friendly and co...

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Main Authors: Li Zhang, Xiaolong Yang, Rongzheng Huang, Shanshan Nan, Junli Niu, Cunxi Nie, Cheng Chen, Wenju Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325003100
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author Li Zhang
Xiaolong Yang
Rongzheng Huang
Shanshan Nan
Junli Niu
Cunxi Nie
Cheng Chen
Wenju Zhang
author_facet Li Zhang
Xiaolong Yang
Rongzheng Huang
Shanshan Nan
Junli Niu
Cunxi Nie
Cheng Chen
Wenju Zhang
author_sort Li Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Cottonseed meal is widely used as an alternative source of protein in the animal feed industry. However, the presence of toxic gossypol limits its use in livestock production. In order to reduce gossypol toxicity, microbial degradation is generally considered to be an environmentally friendly and cost-effective strategy. Candida tropicalis ZD-3 has demonstrated the ability to degrade gossypol. Nevertheless, the genome of gossypol-induced C. tropicalis ZD-3 has not been fully sequenced, and its comprehensive metabolic profile remains unexplored. In this study, the degradation rate of gossypol by ZD-3 reached 88.5 %, as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The characteristic peaks of amides were changed after gossypol treatment by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Genomic correlation results showed that gene function annotation revealed 64 protein-coding genes potentially involved in gossypol catabolism, primarily encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase, aldehyde reductase, and glutathione peroxidase. Metabolomic analysis indicated that gossypol activated ABC transporters and amino acid synthesis pathways, such as histidine, lysine, and arginine biosynthesis. These pathways provided substantial energy for C. tropicalis ZD-3 cells to cope with external stress, promoted the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and formed a complex regulatory network for gossypol tolerance and degradation. This study marks the first revelation of gossypol metabolism in C. tropicalis, laying a foundation for further research on gossypol degradation and detoxification.
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spelling doaj-art-d9fe517e606040eeba5879bfaee349182025-08-20T02:06:19ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-03-0129211797410.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117974Genomics and metabolic responses reveal the effect of Candida tropicalis ZD-3 on the degradation of GossypolLi Zhang0Xiaolong Yang1Rongzheng Huang2Shanshan Nan3Junli Niu4Cunxi Nie5Cheng Chen6Wenju Zhang7College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, ChinaCorrespondence authors.; College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, ChinaCorrespondence authors.; College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, ChinaCottonseed meal is widely used as an alternative source of protein in the animal feed industry. However, the presence of toxic gossypol limits its use in livestock production. In order to reduce gossypol toxicity, microbial degradation is generally considered to be an environmentally friendly and cost-effective strategy. Candida tropicalis ZD-3 has demonstrated the ability to degrade gossypol. Nevertheless, the genome of gossypol-induced C. tropicalis ZD-3 has not been fully sequenced, and its comprehensive metabolic profile remains unexplored. In this study, the degradation rate of gossypol by ZD-3 reached 88.5 %, as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The characteristic peaks of amides were changed after gossypol treatment by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Genomic correlation results showed that gene function annotation revealed 64 protein-coding genes potentially involved in gossypol catabolism, primarily encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase, aldehyde reductase, and glutathione peroxidase. Metabolomic analysis indicated that gossypol activated ABC transporters and amino acid synthesis pathways, such as histidine, lysine, and arginine biosynthesis. These pathways provided substantial energy for C. tropicalis ZD-3 cells to cope with external stress, promoted the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and formed a complex regulatory network for gossypol tolerance and degradation. This study marks the first revelation of gossypol metabolism in C. tropicalis, laying a foundation for further research on gossypol degradation and detoxification.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325003100Candida tropicalis ZD-3Complete genome sequencingGossypol degradationMetabolomicsDetoxication
spellingShingle Li Zhang
Xiaolong Yang
Rongzheng Huang
Shanshan Nan
Junli Niu
Cunxi Nie
Cheng Chen
Wenju Zhang
Genomics and metabolic responses reveal the effect of Candida tropicalis ZD-3 on the degradation of Gossypol
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Candida tropicalis ZD-3
Complete genome sequencing
Gossypol degradation
Metabolomics
Detoxication
title Genomics and metabolic responses reveal the effect of Candida tropicalis ZD-3 on the degradation of Gossypol
title_full Genomics and metabolic responses reveal the effect of Candida tropicalis ZD-3 on the degradation of Gossypol
title_fullStr Genomics and metabolic responses reveal the effect of Candida tropicalis ZD-3 on the degradation of Gossypol
title_full_unstemmed Genomics and metabolic responses reveal the effect of Candida tropicalis ZD-3 on the degradation of Gossypol
title_short Genomics and metabolic responses reveal the effect of Candida tropicalis ZD-3 on the degradation of Gossypol
title_sort genomics and metabolic responses reveal the effect of candida tropicalis zd 3 on the degradation of gossypol
topic Candida tropicalis ZD-3
Complete genome sequencing
Gossypol degradation
Metabolomics
Detoxication
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325003100
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