Small molecule UCM05 inhibits HSV-2 infection via targeting viral glycoproteins and fatty acid synthase with potentiating antiviral immunity

Abstract Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a highly prevalent human pathogen worldwide that not only causes genital herpes but is also associated with severe health complications, such as neonatal infections and increased susceptibility to HIV. Currently, due to the lack of an effective HSV-2 v...

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Main Authors: Songshan Li, Minghan Li, Yantong Cai, Jun Xian, Rongrong Zhu, Chan Yang, Xin Zhang, Shuya Ren, Aijiao Yu, Shuwen Liu, Bin Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Virology Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02867-8
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author Songshan Li
Minghan Li
Yantong Cai
Jun Xian
Rongrong Zhu
Chan Yang
Xin Zhang
Shuya Ren
Aijiao Yu
Shuwen Liu
Bin Yang
author_facet Songshan Li
Minghan Li
Yantong Cai
Jun Xian
Rongrong Zhu
Chan Yang
Xin Zhang
Shuya Ren
Aijiao Yu
Shuwen Liu
Bin Yang
author_sort Songshan Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a highly prevalent human pathogen worldwide that not only causes genital herpes but is also associated with severe health complications, such as neonatal infections and increased susceptibility to HIV. Currently, due to the lack of an effective HSV-2 vaccine and the emergence of more drug-resistant strains, there is an urgent need to develop effective, safe, and affordable anti-HSV-2 medications. The small molecule UCM05 is a novel inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (Ftsz), with antitumor and antibacterial effects. In this study, we found that UCM05 effectively inhibits both HSV-2 and acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 infections in vitro, significantly improves survival rates in HSV-2-infected mice, and effectively reduces viral titers in tissues. Further, we discovered that UCM05 destroys the membrane integrity of viral particles by directly binding with HSV-2 glycoproteins gB and gD and reduces viral replication by inhibiting viral protein synthesis and fatty acid synthesis. Additionally, UCM05 treatment promoted the generation of type I IFN related genes but does not result in an inflammatory cytokine storm triggered by HSV-2, and it also exhibited activity against co-infection with HIV-1/HSV-2, as well as infection with HSV-1. Overall, our research demonstrates that UCM05 can effectively inhibit HSV-2 infection both in vitro and in vivo. UCM05 represents a potential new antiviral drug against HSV-2.
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spelling doaj-art-d9f75e8a7ce740b4ba0d570a3080c23e2025-08-20T03:04:10ZengBMCVirology Journal1743-422X2025-07-0122111910.1186/s12985-025-02867-8Small molecule UCM05 inhibits HSV-2 infection via targeting viral glycoproteins and fatty acid synthase with potentiating antiviral immunitySongshan Li0Minghan Li1Yantong Cai2Jun Xian3Rongrong Zhu4Chan Yang5Xin Zhang6Shuya Ren7Aijiao Yu8Shuwen Liu9Bin Yang10Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityThe People’s Hospital of Baiyun District GuangzhouDermatology Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityDermatology Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityNMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityNMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University DalianDermatology Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityDermatology Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityNMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityDermatology Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityAbstract Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a highly prevalent human pathogen worldwide that not only causes genital herpes but is also associated with severe health complications, such as neonatal infections and increased susceptibility to HIV. Currently, due to the lack of an effective HSV-2 vaccine and the emergence of more drug-resistant strains, there is an urgent need to develop effective, safe, and affordable anti-HSV-2 medications. The small molecule UCM05 is a novel inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (Ftsz), with antitumor and antibacterial effects. In this study, we found that UCM05 effectively inhibits both HSV-2 and acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 infections in vitro, significantly improves survival rates in HSV-2-infected mice, and effectively reduces viral titers in tissues. Further, we discovered that UCM05 destroys the membrane integrity of viral particles by directly binding with HSV-2 glycoproteins gB and gD and reduces viral replication by inhibiting viral protein synthesis and fatty acid synthesis. Additionally, UCM05 treatment promoted the generation of type I IFN related genes but does not result in an inflammatory cytokine storm triggered by HSV-2, and it also exhibited activity against co-infection with HIV-1/HSV-2, as well as infection with HSV-1. Overall, our research demonstrates that UCM05 can effectively inhibit HSV-2 infection both in vitro and in vivo. UCM05 represents a potential new antiviral drug against HSV-2.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02867-8UCM05HSV-2Entry inhibitionFatty acid synthesisImmune enhancementCo-infections
spellingShingle Songshan Li
Minghan Li
Yantong Cai
Jun Xian
Rongrong Zhu
Chan Yang
Xin Zhang
Shuya Ren
Aijiao Yu
Shuwen Liu
Bin Yang
Small molecule UCM05 inhibits HSV-2 infection via targeting viral glycoproteins and fatty acid synthase with potentiating antiviral immunity
Virology Journal
UCM05
HSV-2
Entry inhibition
Fatty acid synthesis
Immune enhancement
Co-infections
title Small molecule UCM05 inhibits HSV-2 infection via targeting viral glycoproteins and fatty acid synthase with potentiating antiviral immunity
title_full Small molecule UCM05 inhibits HSV-2 infection via targeting viral glycoproteins and fatty acid synthase with potentiating antiviral immunity
title_fullStr Small molecule UCM05 inhibits HSV-2 infection via targeting viral glycoproteins and fatty acid synthase with potentiating antiviral immunity
title_full_unstemmed Small molecule UCM05 inhibits HSV-2 infection via targeting viral glycoproteins and fatty acid synthase with potentiating antiviral immunity
title_short Small molecule UCM05 inhibits HSV-2 infection via targeting viral glycoproteins and fatty acid synthase with potentiating antiviral immunity
title_sort small molecule ucm05 inhibits hsv 2 infection via targeting viral glycoproteins and fatty acid synthase with potentiating antiviral immunity
topic UCM05
HSV-2
Entry inhibition
Fatty acid synthesis
Immune enhancement
Co-infections
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-025-02867-8
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