Digital Watermarking Based on Contourlet-SVD

in this paper, embedding a watermark image is performed in discrete Contourlet transform (CT) domain. It is known that the CT is able to capture the directional edges and contours superior to discrete wavelet transform. The proposed scheme is based on embedding watermark bits into the singular value...

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Main Authors:	Seyedeh Akram Hosseini, Sedigheh Ghofrani
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	OICC Press 2024-02-01
Series:	Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering
Subjects:	Contour let transform Digital image watermarking geometric and non-geometric attacks singular value decomposition. quantization strategies
Online Access:	https://oiccpress.com/mjee/article/view/5269
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author	Seyedeh Akram Hosseini Sedigheh Ghofrani
author_facet	Seyedeh Akram Hosseini Sedigheh Ghofrani
author_sort	Seyedeh Akram Hosseini
collection	DOAJ
description	in this paper, embedding a watermark image is performed in discrete Contourlet transform (CT) domain. It is known that the CT is able to capture the directional edges and contours superior to discrete wavelet transform. The proposed scheme is based on embedding watermark bits into the singular value of the selected blocks within low-pass sub-band of the original gray image CT. Two algorithms, the first uses adaptive quantization and the second uses quantization step, are implemented. Our experimental results show that the method with quantization step has better fidelity in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and is more robust against geometrical and non-geometrical attacks in terms of normalized cross correlation (NC) in comparison with the first method, though, the method with adaptive quantization is blind in the sense only quantization strategies but not the original image is required. Ø§ÙØ±ÙÙÛ Ø¨Ø§ÙÙØ§Ø¡ ÙØ¨ÙÛ Ø¹ÙÙ CONTOURLET-SVDÙÛ ÙØ°Ù Ø§ÙÙØ±ÙØ©Ø ÙØªØ¶ÙÛÙ ØµÙØ±Ø© ÙØ§Ø¦ÛØ© ÛØªÙ ØªÙÙÛØ°ÙØ§ ÙÛ ÙÙÙØµÙØ© Contourlet ØªØÙÛÙ (CT) Ø§ÙÙØ¬Ø§Ù. ÙÙÙ Ø§ÙÙØ¹Ø±ÙÙ Ø£Ù CT ÙØ§Ø¯Ø±Ø© Ø¹ÙÙ Ø§ÙØªÙØ§Ø· ØÙØ§Ù ÙÙØ¹Ø§ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ§ØªØ¬Ø§Ù ÙØªÙÙÙØ© Ø¹ÙÙ ÙÙÙØµÙØ© ØªØÙÛÙ Ø§ÙÙÙÛØ¬Ø§Øª. ÙÛØ³ØªÙØ¯ Ø§ÙÙØ®Ø·Ø· Ø§ÙÙÙØªØ±Ø Ø¹ÙÙ ØªØ¶ÙÛÙ Ø¨Øª Ø§ÙØ¹ÙØ§ÙØ© Ø§ÙÙØ§Ø¦ÛØ© Ø¥ÙÙ ÙÛÙØ© ÙØ±ÛØ¯Ø© ÙÙ Ø§ÙÙØ·Ø¹ Ø§ÙÙØ®ØªØ§Ø±Ø© Ø¶ÙÙ ØªÙØ±ÛØ± ÙÙØ®ÙØ¶ Ø§ÙÙØ±Ø¹ÛØ© Ø§ÙÙØ±ÙØ© ÙÙØ§ÙØ£ØµÙÛ Ø±ÙØ§Ø¯Û ØµÙØ±Ø© CT. Ø§Ø«ÙÛÙ ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ®ÙØ§Ø±Ø²ÙÛØ§ØªØ Ø£ÙÙ ØªØ³ØªØ®Ø¯Ù ØªÚ©ÙÛÙ Ø§ÙØªÚ©ÛÙ ÙÛØ³ØªØ®Ø¯Ù Ø«Ø§ÙÛ Ø®Ø·ÙØ© ØªÚ©ÙÛÙØ ÛØªÙ ØªÙÙÛØ°ÙØ§. ØªØ¸ÙØ± ÙÙØ§ Ø§ÙÙØªØ§Ø¦Ø¬ Ø§ÙØªØ¬Ø±ÛØ¨ÛØ© Ø£Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø³ÙÙØ¨ ÙØ¹ Ø®Ø·ÙØ© ØªÚ©ÙÛÙ Ø¯ÛÙ Ø§ÙØ¥Ø®ÙØ§Øµ Ø£ÙØ¶Ù ÙÙ ØÛØ« Ø§ÙØ°Ø±ÙØ© Ø¥Ø´Ø§Ø±Ø© Ø¥ÙÙ ÙØ³Ø¨Ø© Ø§ÙØ¶ÙØ¶Ø§Ø¡ (PSNR) ÙØ£Ú©Ø«Ø± ÙÙØ© Ø¶Ø¯ Ø§ÙÙØ¬ÙØ§Øª ÙÙØ¯Ø³ÛØ© ÙØºÛØ± ÙÙØ¯Ø³ÛØ© ÙÙ ØÛØ« Ø¹Ø¨Ø± Ø¹ÙØ§ÙØ© Ø·Ø¨ÛØ¹ÛØ© (NC) ÙÙØ§Ø±ÙØ© ÙØ¹ Ø§ÙØ·Ø±ÛÙØ© Ø§ÙØ£ÙÙÙ Ø Ø¹ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ±ØºÙ ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£Ø³ÙÙØ¨ ÙØ¹ ØªÚ©ÙÛÙ Ø§ÙØªÚ©ÛÙ Ø£Ø¹ÙÙ Ø¨Ø§ÙÙØ¹ÙÙ Ø§Ø³ØªØ±Ø§ØªÛØ¬ÛØ§Øª ØªÚ©ÙÛÙ ÙÙØ· ÙÙÚ©Ù ÙÛØ³ ÙØ·ÙÙØ¨Ø§ Ø§ÙØµÙØ±Ø© Ø§ÙØ£ØµÙÛØ©. æ°åæ°´å°åºäºè½®å»-SVD æ½è±¡ å¨æ¬æä¸ï¼ææ°´å°åµå¥å¾è±¡ä¸çç¦»æ£è½®å»æ³¢åæ¢ï¼CTï¼çåä¸æ§è¡ãä¼æå¨ç¥ï¼å¨CTè½å¤æè·æ¹åæ§è¾¹ç¼åè½®å»ä¼äºç¦»æ£å°æ³¢åæ¢ãææåºçæ¹æ¡æ¯åºäºæ°´å°æ¯ç¹åµå¥å°æéæ©çåçåå§ç°åº¦å¾åçCTä½éåå¸¦åçå¥å¼å¼ãä¸¤ç§ç®æ³ä¸ï¼é¦åä½¿ç¨èªéåºéååç¬¬äºä¸ªä½¿ç¨çéåæ¥é¿ï¼æ¥å®ç°ãæä»¬çå®éªç»æè¡¨æï¼ä¸éåæ¥é¿ï¼è¯¥æ¹æ³å·ææ´å¥½çä¿çåº¦å¨å³°å¼ä¿¡å·æ¡æ¬¾åªå£°æ¯ï¼PSNRï¼åå¨ä¸ç¬¬ä¸ç§æ¹æ³æ¯è¾æ¯éå¯¹å¨å½ä¸åäºç¸å³ï¼NCï¼èè¨å ä½åéå ä½æ»å»æ´å¥å£®ä¸è¿ï¼ä¸èªéåºéåçæ¹æ³æ¯å¨è¿ä¸ªæä¹ä¸åªéåçç¥ç²ä½å¹¶ä¸éè¦åå§å¾åã
format	Article
id	doaj-art-d9e4282fca0040d2813cf376047ca894
institution	OA Journals
issn	2345-377X 2345-3796
language	English
publishDate	2024-02-01
publisher	OICC Press
record_format	Article
series	Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering
spelling	doaj-art-d9e4282fca0040d2813cf376047ca8942025-08-20T01:47:44ZengOICC PressMajlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering2345-377X2345-37962024-02-0181Digital Watermarking Based on Contourlet-SVDSeyedeh Akram Hosseini0Sedigheh Ghofrani1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, IranUnknownin this paper, embedding a watermark image is performed in discrete Contourlet transform (CT) domain. It is known that the CT is able to capture the directional edges and contours superior to discrete wavelet transform. The proposed scheme is based on embedding watermark bits into the singular value of the selected blocks within low-pass sub-band of the original gray image CT. Two algorithms, the first uses adaptive quantization and the second uses quantization step, are implemented. Our experimental results show that the method with quantization step has better fidelity in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and is more robust against geometrical and non-geometrical attacks in terms of normalized cross correlation (NC) in comparison with the first method, though, the method with adaptive quantization is blind in the sense only quantization strategies but not the original image is required. Ø§ÙØ±ÙÙÛ Ø¨Ø§ÙÙØ§Ø¡ ÙØ¨ÙÛ Ø¹ÙÙ CONTOURLET-SVDÙÛ ÙØ°Ù Ø§ÙÙØ±ÙØ©Ø ÙØªØ¶ÙÛÙ ØµÙØ±Ø© ÙØ§Ø¦ÛØ© ÛØªÙ ØªÙÙÛØ°ÙØ§ ÙÛ ÙÙÙØµÙØ© Contourlet ØªØÙÛÙ (CT) Ø§ÙÙØ¬Ø§Ù. ÙÙÙ Ø§ÙÙØ¹Ø±ÙÙ Ø£Ù CT ÙØ§Ø¯Ø±Ø© Ø¹ÙÙ Ø§ÙØªÙØ§Ø· ØÙØ§Ù ÙÙØ¹Ø§ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ§ØªØ¬Ø§Ù ÙØªÙÙÙØ© Ø¹ÙÙ ÙÙÙØµÙØ© ØªØÙÛÙ Ø§ÙÙÙÛØ¬Ø§Øª. ÙÛØ³ØªÙØ¯ Ø§ÙÙØ®Ø·Ø· Ø§ÙÙÙØªØ±Ø Ø¹ÙÙ ØªØ¶ÙÛÙ Ø¨Øª Ø§ÙØ¹ÙØ§ÙØ© Ø§ÙÙØ§Ø¦ÛØ© Ø¥ÙÙ ÙÛÙØ© ÙØ±ÛØ¯Ø© ÙÙ Ø§ÙÙØ·Ø¹ Ø§ÙÙØ®ØªØ§Ø±Ø© Ø¶ÙÙ ØªÙØ±ÛØ± ÙÙØ®ÙØ¶ Ø§ÙÙØ±Ø¹ÛØ© Ø§ÙÙØ±ÙØ© ÙÙØ§ÙØ£ØµÙÛ Ø±ÙØ§Ø¯Û ØµÙØ±Ø© CT. Ø§Ø«ÙÛÙ ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ®ÙØ§Ø±Ø²ÙÛØ§ØªØ Ø£ÙÙ ØªØ³ØªØ®Ø¯Ù ØªÚ©ÙÛÙ Ø§ÙØªÚ©ÛÙ ÙÛØ³ØªØ®Ø¯Ù Ø«Ø§ÙÛ Ø®Ø·ÙØ© ØªÚ©ÙÛÙØ ÛØªÙ ØªÙÙÛØ°ÙØ§. ØªØ¸ÙØ± ÙÙØ§ Ø§ÙÙØªØ§Ø¦Ø¬ Ø§ÙØªØ¬Ø±ÛØ¨ÛØ© Ø£Ù Ø§ÙØ£Ø³ÙÙØ¨ ÙØ¹ Ø®Ø·ÙØ© ØªÚ©ÙÛÙ Ø¯ÛÙ Ø§ÙØ¥Ø®ÙØ§Øµ Ø£ÙØ¶Ù ÙÙ ØÛØ« Ø§ÙØ°Ø±ÙØ© Ø¥Ø´Ø§Ø±Ø© Ø¥ÙÙ ÙØ³Ø¨Ø© Ø§ÙØ¶ÙØ¶Ø§Ø¡ (PSNR) ÙØ£Ú©Ø«Ø± ÙÙØ© Ø¶Ø¯ Ø§ÙÙØ¬ÙØ§Øª ÙÙØ¯Ø³ÛØ© ÙØºÛØ± ÙÙØ¯Ø³ÛØ© ÙÙ ØÛØ« Ø¹Ø¨Ø± Ø¹ÙØ§ÙØ© Ø·Ø¨ÛØ¹ÛØ© (NC) ÙÙØ§Ø±ÙØ© ÙØ¹ Ø§ÙØ·Ø±ÛÙØ© Ø§ÙØ£ÙÙÙ Ø Ø¹ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ±ØºÙ ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ£Ø³ÙÙØ¨ ÙØ¹ ØªÚ©ÙÛÙ Ø§ÙØªÚ©ÛÙ Ø£Ø¹ÙÙ Ø¨Ø§ÙÙØ¹ÙÙ Ø§Ø³ØªØ±Ø§ØªÛØ¬ÛØ§Øª ØªÚ©ÙÛÙ ÙÙØ· ÙÙÚ©Ù ÙÛØ³ ÙØ·ÙÙØ¨Ø§ Ø§ÙØµÙØ±Ø© Ø§ÙØ£ØµÙÛØ©. æ°åæ°´å°åºäºè½®å»-SVD æ½è±¡ å¨æ¬æä¸ï¼ææ°´å°åµå¥å¾è±¡ä¸çç¦»æ£è½®å»æ³¢åæ¢ï¼CTï¼çåä¸æ§è¡ãä¼æå¨ç¥ï¼å¨CTè½å¤æè·æ¹åæ§è¾¹ç¼åè½®å»ä¼äºç¦»æ£å°æ³¢åæ¢ãææåºçæ¹æ¡æ¯åºäºæ°´å°æ¯ç¹åµå¥å°æéæ©çåçåå§ç°åº¦å¾åçCTä½éåå¸¦åçå¥å¼å¼ãä¸¤ç§ç®æ³ä¸ï¼é¦åä½¿ç¨èªéåºéååç¬¬äºä¸ªä½¿ç¨çéåæ¥é¿ï¼æ¥å®ç°ãæä»¬çå®éªç»æè¡¨æï¼ä¸éåæ¥é¿ï¼è¯¥æ¹æ³å·ææ´å¥½çä¿çåº¦å¨å³°å¼ä¿¡å·æ¡æ¬¾åªå£°æ¯ï¼PSNRï¼åå¨ä¸ç¬¬ä¸ç§æ¹æ³æ¯è¾æ¯éå¯¹å¨å½ä¸åäºç¸å³ï¼NCï¼èè¨å ä½åéå ä½æ»å»æ´å¥å£®ä¸è¿ï¼ä¸èªéåºéåçæ¹æ³æ¯å¨è¿ä¸ªæä¹ä¸åªéåçç¥ç²ä½å¹¶ä¸éè¦åå§å¾åãhttps://oiccpress.com/mjee/article/view/5269Contour let transformDigital image watermarkinggeometric and non-geometric attackssingular value decomposition. quantization strategies
spellingShingle	Seyedeh Akram Hosseini Sedigheh Ghofrani Digital Watermarking Based on Contourlet-SVD Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering Contour let transform Digital image watermarking geometric and non-geometric attacks singular value decomposition. quantization strategies
title	Digital Watermarking Based on Contourlet-SVD
title_full	Digital Watermarking Based on Contourlet-SVD
title_fullStr	Digital Watermarking Based on Contourlet-SVD
title_full_unstemmed	Digital Watermarking Based on Contourlet-SVD
title_short	Digital Watermarking Based on Contourlet-SVD
title_sort	digital watermarking based on contourlet svd
topic	Contour let transform Digital image watermarking geometric and non-geometric attacks singular value decomposition. quantization strategies
url	https://oiccpress.com/mjee/article/view/5269
work_keys_str_mv	AT seyedehakramhosseini digitalwatermarkingbasedoncontourletsvd AT sedighehghofrani digitalwatermarkingbasedoncontourletsvd

Digital Watermarking Based on Contourlet-SVD

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