Digital Watermarking Based on Contourlet-SVD
in this paper, embedding a watermark image is performed in discrete Contourlet transform (CT) domain. It is known that the CT is able to capture the directional edges and contours superior to discrete wavelet transform. The proposed scheme is based on embedding watermark bits into the singular value...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
OICC Press
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://oiccpress.com/mjee/article/view/5269 |
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| Summary: | in this paper, embedding a watermark image is performed in discrete Contourlet transform (CT) domain. It is known that the CT is able to capture the directional edges and contours superior to discrete wavelet transform. The proposed scheme is based on embedding watermark bits into the singular value of the selected blocks within low-pass sub-band of the original gray image CT. Two algorithms, the first uses adaptive quantization and the second uses quantization step, are implemented. Our experimental results show that the method with quantization step has better fidelity in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and is more robust against geometrical and non-geometrical attacks in terms of normalized cross correlation (NC) in comparison with the first method, though, the method with adaptive quantization is blind in the sense only quantization strategies but not the original image is required. اÙرÙÙ
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| ISSN: | 2345-377X 2345-3796 |