Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of bedaquiline fumarate: ascorbic acid co-crystals with enhanced pharmaceutical and physicochemical properties

Abstract Background Bedaquiline fumarate (BDQ) is an anti-tubercular Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS class-II) drug & it has very less solubility. Therefore, an effort has been made to prepare the bedaquiline fumarate co-crystal to improve its physicochemical and pharmaceutical chara...

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Main Authors: Shital D. Godse, Ranjit B. Mohare, Vishal P. Zambre, Vidhya K. Bhusari, Minal Ghante
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-025-00790-x
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author Shital D. Godse
Ranjit B. Mohare
Vishal P. Zambre
Vidhya K. Bhusari
Minal Ghante
author_facet Shital D. Godse
Ranjit B. Mohare
Vishal P. Zambre
Vidhya K. Bhusari
Minal Ghante
author_sort Shital D. Godse
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Bedaquiline fumarate (BDQ) is an anti-tubercular Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS class-II) drug & it has very less solubility. Therefore, an effort has been made to prepare the bedaquiline fumarate co-crystal to improve its physicochemical and pharmaceutical characteristics. Results Using the solvent evaporation method, the drug bedaquiline fumarate and co-former ascorbic acid (AA) were co-crystallized. A series of analytical techniques, i.e., X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV spectroscopy, etc., were used for the analysis of co-crystal to predict co-crystal formation by molecular docking. Micromeritic study and tablet formulation were done of bedaquiline fumarate and co-crystal formulation (1:2) batch. A permeability study was conducted on the chicken ileum. Conclusion Active pharmaceutical ingredients can co-crystallize with other small molecules or co-formers to create new solid dosage forms that have better physicochemical characteristics than pure drugs. 22 co-formers were screened with the drug, ascorbic acid was selected as a co-former because it has a binding energy of − 1.2 kcal/mol, two hydrogen bonds are formed, and it becomes readily soluble in water. This study indicated that ascorbic acid as a co-former can increase the dissolution profile of bedaquiline fumarate by the co-crystallization approach.
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spelling doaj-art-d9d70b0eebfb4f7292a7f69f0c06ee4d2025-08-20T02:30:45ZengSpringerOpenFuture Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences2314-72532025-06-0111111410.1186/s43094-025-00790-xPreparation, characterization, and evaluation of bedaquiline fumarate: ascorbic acid co-crystals with enhanced pharmaceutical and physicochemical propertiesShital D. Godse0Ranjit B. Mohare1Vishal P. Zambre2Vidhya K. Bhusari3Minal Ghante4Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Vishwakarma University School of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of PharmacyAbstract Background Bedaquiline fumarate (BDQ) is an anti-tubercular Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS class-II) drug & it has very less solubility. Therefore, an effort has been made to prepare the bedaquiline fumarate co-crystal to improve its physicochemical and pharmaceutical characteristics. Results Using the solvent evaporation method, the drug bedaquiline fumarate and co-former ascorbic acid (AA) were co-crystallized. A series of analytical techniques, i.e., X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV spectroscopy, etc., were used for the analysis of co-crystal to predict co-crystal formation by molecular docking. Micromeritic study and tablet formulation were done of bedaquiline fumarate and co-crystal formulation (1:2) batch. A permeability study was conducted on the chicken ileum. Conclusion Active pharmaceutical ingredients can co-crystallize with other small molecules or co-formers to create new solid dosage forms that have better physicochemical characteristics than pure drugs. 22 co-formers were screened with the drug, ascorbic acid was selected as a co-former because it has a binding energy of − 1.2 kcal/mol, two hydrogen bonds are formed, and it becomes readily soluble in water. This study indicated that ascorbic acid as a co-former can increase the dissolution profile of bedaquiline fumarate by the co-crystallization approach.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-025-00790-xBedaquiline fumarateCo-crystallizationSolubilityFourier transform infrared spectroscopyX-ray diffractometry
spellingShingle Shital D. Godse
Ranjit B. Mohare
Vishal P. Zambre
Vidhya K. Bhusari
Minal Ghante
Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of bedaquiline fumarate: ascorbic acid co-crystals with enhanced pharmaceutical and physicochemical properties
Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Bedaquiline fumarate
Co-crystallization
Solubility
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
X-ray diffractometry
title Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of bedaquiline fumarate: ascorbic acid co-crystals with enhanced pharmaceutical and physicochemical properties
title_full Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of bedaquiline fumarate: ascorbic acid co-crystals with enhanced pharmaceutical and physicochemical properties
title_fullStr Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of bedaquiline fumarate: ascorbic acid co-crystals with enhanced pharmaceutical and physicochemical properties
title_full_unstemmed Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of bedaquiline fumarate: ascorbic acid co-crystals with enhanced pharmaceutical and physicochemical properties
title_short Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of bedaquiline fumarate: ascorbic acid co-crystals with enhanced pharmaceutical and physicochemical properties
title_sort preparation characterization and evaluation of bedaquiline fumarate ascorbic acid co crystals with enhanced pharmaceutical and physicochemical properties
topic Bedaquiline fumarate
Co-crystallization
Solubility
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
X-ray diffractometry
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-025-00790-x
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