Skywave Ionosphere Communication Channel Characteristics for Hypersonic Vehicles at a Typical Frequency of 14 MHz

This study starts from the physical perspective of electromagnetic wave propagation in ionosphere media, and the skywave OTH (over-the-horizon) ionosphere channel model is established for hypersonic vehicles based on the ray-tracing method, and this study identifies the key parameters influencing ch...

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Main Authors: Zongyuan Liu, Lei Shi, Bo Yao, Zijian Teng, Yifan Wang, Fangyan Li, Zhiyi Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/5/909
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author Zongyuan Liu
Lei Shi
Bo Yao
Zijian Teng
Yifan Wang
Fangyan Li
Zhiyi Chen
author_facet Zongyuan Liu
Lei Shi
Bo Yao
Zijian Teng
Yifan Wang
Fangyan Li
Zhiyi Chen
author_sort Zongyuan Liu
collection DOAJ
description This study starts from the physical perspective of electromagnetic wave propagation in ionosphere media, and the skywave OTH (over-the-horizon) ionosphere channel model is established for hypersonic vehicles based on the ray-tracing method, and this study identifies the key parameters influencing channel characteristics. Secondly, using the re-entry trajectory of the RAM C-II flight experiment as an example, dynamic multipath channel characteristic parameters—such as loss, delay, and Doppler shift—are analyzed in multiple seasons during the noon and midnight periods at a communication frequency of 14 MHz. The results indicate that the settling effect of the ionosphere at midnight makes the changes in the channel more complex, with the irregular sudden appearance and disappearance of multipath numbers. In addition, channel loss is greater in low-elevation propagation mode than in high-elevation propagation mode, indicating that the channel multipath exhibits high loss and low delay characteristics. The skywave communication channel model for hypersonic vehicles, and the dynamic multipath channel characteristic parameters presented in this study offer valuable support for the design, development, and evaluation of long-distance TT&C (Tracking, Telemetering, and Command) communication systems.
format Article
id doaj-art-d9d6a335e50d4486a4b6f43f7c8cb967
institution DOAJ
issn 2072-4292
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Remote Sensing
spelling doaj-art-d9d6a335e50d4486a4b6f43f7c8cb9672025-08-20T02:58:57ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-03-0117590910.3390/rs17050909Skywave Ionosphere Communication Channel Characteristics for Hypersonic Vehicles at a Typical Frequency of 14 MHzZongyuan Liu0Lei Shi1Bo Yao2Zijian Teng3Yifan Wang4Fangyan Li5Zhiyi Chen6School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, ChinaSchool of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, ChinaSchool of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, ChinaSchool of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, ChinaSchool of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, ChinaSchool of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, ChinaXinjiang Yilin Industry Share Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830000, ChinaThis study starts from the physical perspective of electromagnetic wave propagation in ionosphere media, and the skywave OTH (over-the-horizon) ionosphere channel model is established for hypersonic vehicles based on the ray-tracing method, and this study identifies the key parameters influencing channel characteristics. Secondly, using the re-entry trajectory of the RAM C-II flight experiment as an example, dynamic multipath channel characteristic parameters—such as loss, delay, and Doppler shift—are analyzed in multiple seasons during the noon and midnight periods at a communication frequency of 14 MHz. The results indicate that the settling effect of the ionosphere at midnight makes the changes in the channel more complex, with the irregular sudden appearance and disappearance of multipath numbers. In addition, channel loss is greater in low-elevation propagation mode than in high-elevation propagation mode, indicating that the channel multipath exhibits high loss and low delay characteristics. The skywave communication channel model for hypersonic vehicles, and the dynamic multipath channel characteristic parameters presented in this study offer valuable support for the design, development, and evaluation of long-distance TT&C (Tracking, Telemetering, and Command) communication systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/5/909skywaveOTHelectromagnetic propagationhypersonic vehiclechannel characteristics
spellingShingle Zongyuan Liu
Lei Shi
Bo Yao
Zijian Teng
Yifan Wang
Fangyan Li
Zhiyi Chen
Skywave Ionosphere Communication Channel Characteristics for Hypersonic Vehicles at a Typical Frequency of 14 MHz
Remote Sensing
skywave
OTH
electromagnetic propagation
hypersonic vehicle
channel characteristics
title Skywave Ionosphere Communication Channel Characteristics for Hypersonic Vehicles at a Typical Frequency of 14 MHz
title_full Skywave Ionosphere Communication Channel Characteristics for Hypersonic Vehicles at a Typical Frequency of 14 MHz
title_fullStr Skywave Ionosphere Communication Channel Characteristics for Hypersonic Vehicles at a Typical Frequency of 14 MHz
title_full_unstemmed Skywave Ionosphere Communication Channel Characteristics for Hypersonic Vehicles at a Typical Frequency of 14 MHz
title_short Skywave Ionosphere Communication Channel Characteristics for Hypersonic Vehicles at a Typical Frequency of 14 MHz
title_sort skywave ionosphere communication channel characteristics for hypersonic vehicles at a typical frequency of 14 mhz
topic skywave
OTH
electromagnetic propagation
hypersonic vehicle
channel characteristics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/5/909
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AT boyao skywaveionospherecommunicationchannelcharacteristicsforhypersonicvehiclesatatypicalfrequencyof14mhz
AT zijianteng skywaveionospherecommunicationchannelcharacteristicsforhypersonicvehiclesatatypicalfrequencyof14mhz
AT yifanwang skywaveionospherecommunicationchannelcharacteristicsforhypersonicvehiclesatatypicalfrequencyof14mhz
AT fangyanli skywaveionospherecommunicationchannelcharacteristicsforhypersonicvehiclesatatypicalfrequencyof14mhz
AT zhiyichen skywaveionospherecommunicationchannelcharacteristicsforhypersonicvehiclesatatypicalfrequencyof14mhz