Fruit and Fruit-Derived Products of Selected Sambucus Plants as a Source of Phytosterols and Triterpenoids
Plant-derived foods have gained recognition for their health-promoting values, which are largely attributed to bioactive compounds such as phytosterols and triterpenoids. This study aimed to analyze the content of these compounds in the fruit of black elder (elderberry) <i>Sambucus nigra</i...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Otgonbileg Onolbaatar Soyol Dashbaldan Cezary Pączkowski Anna Szakiel |
| author_facet | Otgonbileg Onolbaatar Soyol Dashbaldan Cezary Pączkowski Anna Szakiel |
| author_sort | Otgonbileg Onolbaatar |
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| description | Plant-derived foods have gained recognition for their health-promoting values, which are largely attributed to bioactive compounds such as phytosterols and triterpenoids. This study aimed to analyze the content of these compounds in the fruit of black elder (elderberry) <i>Sambucus nigra</i> L. and in commercially available food products, including jam, juice, syrup and wine. An additional objective was to compare the phytosterol and triterpenoid profiles of fruits and fruit cuticular waxes from wild and cultivated elderberry (cultivar Haschberg), ornamental elderberry (<i>S. nigra</i> f. <i>porphyrophylla</i> cultivar Black lace “Eva”), and red elderberry (<i>S. racemosa</i>). Qualitative and quantitative determinations were performed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study provides a detailed characterization of triterpenoids in black and red elderberries, revealing a complex composition of oleanane-, 18-oleanane-, ursane-, lupane- and taraxastane-type compounds. Elderberry fruits were found to be rich sources of phytosterols (ranging from 0.54 mg/g d.w. in cultivated elderberry cv. Haschberg to 0.96 mg/g in ornamental elderberry) and triterpenoids (from 1.41 mg/g d.w. in <i>S. racemosa</i> to 13.81 mg/g in ornamental elderberry). Among the processed products, jam contained the highest concentration of these compounds (a total of 340 µg/g) and wine contained the lowest (0.87 µg/mL). Furthermore, the results suggest that certain features of the triterpenoid profile in <i>S. nigra</i> and <i>S. racemosa</i> may hold chemotaxonomic significance for the Sambucus genus. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-d9d4c6be7adc4f4eb94f82feef6888c22025-08-20T03:12:16ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-05-011410149010.3390/plants14101490Fruit and Fruit-Derived Products of Selected Sambucus Plants as a Source of Phytosterols and TriterpenoidsOtgonbileg Onolbaatar0Soyol Dashbaldan1Cezary Pączkowski2Anna Szakiel3Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096 Warsaw, PolandSchool of Food, Light Industry and Design, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, 8nd Khoroo, Baga Toiruu 34, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar 14191, MongoliaDepartment of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096 Warsaw, PolandPlant-derived foods have gained recognition for their health-promoting values, which are largely attributed to bioactive compounds such as phytosterols and triterpenoids. This study aimed to analyze the content of these compounds in the fruit of black elder (elderberry) <i>Sambucus nigra</i> L. and in commercially available food products, including jam, juice, syrup and wine. An additional objective was to compare the phytosterol and triterpenoid profiles of fruits and fruit cuticular waxes from wild and cultivated elderberry (cultivar Haschberg), ornamental elderberry (<i>S. nigra</i> f. <i>porphyrophylla</i> cultivar Black lace “Eva”), and red elderberry (<i>S. racemosa</i>). Qualitative and quantitative determinations were performed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study provides a detailed characterization of triterpenoids in black and red elderberries, revealing a complex composition of oleanane-, 18-oleanane-, ursane-, lupane- and taraxastane-type compounds. Elderberry fruits were found to be rich sources of phytosterols (ranging from 0.54 mg/g d.w. in cultivated elderberry cv. Haschberg to 0.96 mg/g in ornamental elderberry) and triterpenoids (from 1.41 mg/g d.w. in <i>S. racemosa</i> to 13.81 mg/g in ornamental elderberry). Among the processed products, jam contained the highest concentration of these compounds (a total of 340 µg/g) and wine contained the lowest (0.87 µg/mL). Furthermore, the results suggest that certain features of the triterpenoid profile in <i>S. nigra</i> and <i>S. racemosa</i> may hold chemotaxonomic significance for the Sambucus genus.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/10/1490black elderelderberryfood preparationsfruit-derived productsphytosterolsred elder |
| spellingShingle | Otgonbileg Onolbaatar Soyol Dashbaldan Cezary Pączkowski Anna Szakiel Fruit and Fruit-Derived Products of Selected Sambucus Plants as a Source of Phytosterols and Triterpenoids Plants black elder elderberry food preparations fruit-derived products phytosterols red elder |
| title | Fruit and Fruit-Derived Products of Selected Sambucus Plants as a Source of Phytosterols and Triterpenoids |
| title_full | Fruit and Fruit-Derived Products of Selected Sambucus Plants as a Source of Phytosterols and Triterpenoids |
| title_fullStr | Fruit and Fruit-Derived Products of Selected Sambucus Plants as a Source of Phytosterols and Triterpenoids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fruit and Fruit-Derived Products of Selected Sambucus Plants as a Source of Phytosterols and Triterpenoids |
| title_short | Fruit and Fruit-Derived Products of Selected Sambucus Plants as a Source of Phytosterols and Triterpenoids |
| title_sort | fruit and fruit derived products of selected sambucus plants as a source of phytosterols and triterpenoids |
| topic | black elder elderberry food preparations fruit-derived products phytosterols red elder |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/10/1490 |
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