Adaptive production strategy in vertical farm digital twins with Q-learning algorithms

Abstract Urban food production can contribute to sustainable development goals by reducing land use and shortening transportation distances. Despite its advantages, the implementation of digital twin (DT) technology for urban food systems has received less investigation compared to manufacturing. Th...

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Main Authors: Yujia Luo, Peter Ball
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97123-y
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author Yujia Luo
Peter Ball
author_facet Yujia Luo
Peter Ball
author_sort Yujia Luo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Urban food production can contribute to sustainable development goals by reducing land use and shortening transportation distances. Despite its advantages, the implementation of digital twin (DT) technology for urban food systems has received less investigation compared to manufacturing. This article examines the influence of DT technology on adaptive decision-making in urban food production, focusing on the “Grow It York” case study. Utilising mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and Q-learning models, this study explores how DT data enhances production decisions regarding service level and resource utilisation under demand fluctuations. The findings highlight that the Q-learning model achieves up to $$78.5\%$$ demand fulfillment compared to $$58.5\%$$ for the MILP model, demonstrating a significant improvement in operational efficiency. Additionally, electricity usage per fulfilled demand is reduced by approximately $$15\%$$ , advocating for broader DT application to the synergy between economic resilience and environmental sustainability. Future research directions include scaling DT implementation to manage complex supply chains, including advancing real-time data integration and incorporating sustainability considerations at supply chain level.
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spelling doaj-art-d9bb96860a9a4ffdb9d7ccb3cdcdd77f2025-08-20T02:10:49ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-97123-yAdaptive production strategy in vertical farm digital twins with Q-learning algorithmsYujia Luo0Peter Ball1School of Business and Society, The University of YorkSchool of Business and Society, The University of YorkAbstract Urban food production can contribute to sustainable development goals by reducing land use and shortening transportation distances. Despite its advantages, the implementation of digital twin (DT) technology for urban food systems has received less investigation compared to manufacturing. This article examines the influence of DT technology on adaptive decision-making in urban food production, focusing on the “Grow It York” case study. Utilising mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and Q-learning models, this study explores how DT data enhances production decisions regarding service level and resource utilisation under demand fluctuations. The findings highlight that the Q-learning model achieves up to $$78.5\%$$ demand fulfillment compared to $$58.5\%$$ for the MILP model, demonstrating a significant improvement in operational efficiency. Additionally, electricity usage per fulfilled demand is reduced by approximately $$15\%$$ , advocating for broader DT application to the synergy between economic resilience and environmental sustainability. Future research directions include scaling DT implementation to manage complex supply chains, including advancing real-time data integration and incorporating sustainability considerations at supply chain level.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97123-yDigital twinUrban food systemAdaptive production strategiesQ-learning network
spellingShingle Yujia Luo
Peter Ball
Adaptive production strategy in vertical farm digital twins with Q-learning algorithms
Scientific Reports
Digital twin
Urban food system
Adaptive production strategies
Q-learning network
title Adaptive production strategy in vertical farm digital twins with Q-learning algorithms
title_full Adaptive production strategy in vertical farm digital twins with Q-learning algorithms
title_fullStr Adaptive production strategy in vertical farm digital twins with Q-learning algorithms
title_full_unstemmed Adaptive production strategy in vertical farm digital twins with Q-learning algorithms
title_short Adaptive production strategy in vertical farm digital twins with Q-learning algorithms
title_sort adaptive production strategy in vertical farm digital twins with q learning algorithms
topic Digital twin
Urban food system
Adaptive production strategies
Q-learning network
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97123-y
work_keys_str_mv AT yujialuo adaptiveproductionstrategyinverticalfarmdigitaltwinswithqlearningalgorithms
AT peterball adaptiveproductionstrategyinverticalfarmdigitaltwinswithqlearningalgorithms