Feasibility and user experience of augmented reality psychoeducation and mindfulness body scan for chronic low back pain

BackgroundChronic low back pain (CLBP) is prevalent and a multimodal therapy is indicated, including psychological treatment. Effective conventional treatments involve psychoeducation and mindfulness-based body scans, while virtual reality offers superior but temporary pain relief. Augmented Reality...

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Main Authors: Robin Conen, Nikolai Hepke, Jörg Lohscheller, Steffen Mueller, Ana N. Tibubos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Pain Research
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpain.2025.1600637/full
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author Robin Conen
Nikolai Hepke
Jörg Lohscheller
Steffen Mueller
Ana N. Tibubos
Ana N. Tibubos
author_facet Robin Conen
Nikolai Hepke
Jörg Lohscheller
Steffen Mueller
Ana N. Tibubos
Ana N. Tibubos
author_sort Robin Conen
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundChronic low back pain (CLBP) is prevalent and a multimodal therapy is indicated, including psychological treatment. Effective conventional treatments involve psychoeducation and mindfulness-based body scans, while virtual reality offers superior but temporary pain relief. Augmented Reality (AR), which combines conventional and virtual methods, is a novel therapeutic strategy.MethodsWe investigated the viability and acceptability of an AR intervention for CLBP by incorporating psychoeducation and mindfulness-based body scan techniques. 40 participants in two studies with a one-arm design underwent an educational AR intervention (Study I, n1 = 18) and an enhanced version with an additional body scan (Study II, n2 = 22). The studies focused on evaluating technical feasibility and multiple facets of user experience.ResultsThe results demonstrated high feasibility with low dropout rates (Study I: 10%, Study II: 0%). User experience ratings ranged from “Above Average” to “Excellent,” with the advanced intervention receiving higher ratings. While Study I showed no significant changes in affect pre- vs. post-intervention, Study II exhibited a significant reduction in negative affect and improved valence. Qualitative analysis provided insights into technical requirements and user perceptions.DiscussionThe AR prototype emerges as a promising psychoeducational tool for CLBP, aligning with current treatment guidelines and providing a basis for future controlled clinical trials. Limitations include the absence of a high-pain intervention group, as Study I reported a pain intensity of M = 1.05 and Study II reported M = 1.77 (Range: 0–10). Further research such as clinical trials with control groups is required to validate the efficacy of the piloted approach. The AR-based psychoeducation and mindfulness body scan intervention for CLBP demonstrated technical feasibility and a good user experience. Clinical Trial RegistrationOpen Science Framework.io; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/DSW5X and https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XVJBZ
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spelling doaj-art-d9b4c7932e9645b582f320b1bfbcbd422025-08-20T03:33:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pain Research2673-561X2025-07-01610.3389/fpain.2025.16006371600637Feasibility and user experience of augmented reality psychoeducation and mindfulness body scan for chronic low back painRobin Conen0Nikolai Hepke1Jörg Lohscheller2Steffen Mueller3Ana N. Tibubos4Ana N. Tibubos5Department of Diagnostics in Healthcare & eHealth, Trier University, Trier, GermanyDepartment of Computer Science, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Trier, GermanyDepartment of Computer Science, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Trier, GermanyDepartment of Computer Science/Therapeutic Sciences, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Trier, GermanyDepartment of Diagnostics in Healthcare & eHealth, Trier University, Trier, GermanyDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, GermanyBackgroundChronic low back pain (CLBP) is prevalent and a multimodal therapy is indicated, including psychological treatment. Effective conventional treatments involve psychoeducation and mindfulness-based body scans, while virtual reality offers superior but temporary pain relief. Augmented Reality (AR), which combines conventional and virtual methods, is a novel therapeutic strategy.MethodsWe investigated the viability and acceptability of an AR intervention for CLBP by incorporating psychoeducation and mindfulness-based body scan techniques. 40 participants in two studies with a one-arm design underwent an educational AR intervention (Study I, n1 = 18) and an enhanced version with an additional body scan (Study II, n2 = 22). The studies focused on evaluating technical feasibility and multiple facets of user experience.ResultsThe results demonstrated high feasibility with low dropout rates (Study I: 10%, Study II: 0%). User experience ratings ranged from “Above Average” to “Excellent,” with the advanced intervention receiving higher ratings. While Study I showed no significant changes in affect pre- vs. post-intervention, Study II exhibited a significant reduction in negative affect and improved valence. Qualitative analysis provided insights into technical requirements and user perceptions.DiscussionThe AR prototype emerges as a promising psychoeducational tool for CLBP, aligning with current treatment guidelines and providing a basis for future controlled clinical trials. Limitations include the absence of a high-pain intervention group, as Study I reported a pain intensity of M = 1.05 and Study II reported M = 1.77 (Range: 0–10). Further research such as clinical trials with control groups is required to validate the efficacy of the piloted approach. The AR-based psychoeducation and mindfulness body scan intervention for CLBP demonstrated technical feasibility and a good user experience. Clinical Trial RegistrationOpen Science Framework.io; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/DSW5X and https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XVJBZhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpain.2025.1600637/fullaugmented realitychronic low back painpain educationmindfulness body scanuser experiencefeasibility
spellingShingle Robin Conen
Nikolai Hepke
Jörg Lohscheller
Steffen Mueller
Ana N. Tibubos
Ana N. Tibubos
Feasibility and user experience of augmented reality psychoeducation and mindfulness body scan for chronic low back pain
Frontiers in Pain Research
augmented reality
chronic low back pain
pain education
mindfulness body scan
user experience
feasibility
title Feasibility and user experience of augmented reality psychoeducation and mindfulness body scan for chronic low back pain
title_full Feasibility and user experience of augmented reality psychoeducation and mindfulness body scan for chronic low back pain
title_fullStr Feasibility and user experience of augmented reality psychoeducation and mindfulness body scan for chronic low back pain
title_full_unstemmed Feasibility and user experience of augmented reality psychoeducation and mindfulness body scan for chronic low back pain
title_short Feasibility and user experience of augmented reality psychoeducation and mindfulness body scan for chronic low back pain
title_sort feasibility and user experience of augmented reality psychoeducation and mindfulness body scan for chronic low back pain
topic augmented reality
chronic low back pain
pain education
mindfulness body scan
user experience
feasibility
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpain.2025.1600637/full
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