Li-Ion Battery Cooling and Heating System with Loop Thermosyphon for Electric Vehicles
Water, acetone, and TiO<sub>2</sub>/nano-silver water (NSW) nanofluids were investigated as working fluids in loop thermosyphon battery thermal management systems (LTBMS) under simulated electric vehicle (EV) conditions to evaluate scalability and robustness across inclinations (0° to 60...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/14/3687 |
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| author | Ju-Chan Jang Taek-Kyu Lim Ji-Su Lee Seok-Ho Rhi |
| author_facet | Ju-Chan Jang Taek-Kyu Lim Ji-Su Lee Seok-Ho Rhi |
| author_sort | Ju-Chan Jang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water, acetone, and TiO<sub>2</sub>/nano-silver water (NSW) nanofluids were investigated as working fluids in loop thermosyphon battery thermal management systems (LTBMS) under simulated electric vehicle (EV) conditions to evaluate scalability and robustness across inclinations (0° to 60°) and ambient temperatures (−10 °C to 20 °C). Experimental conditions were established with 60 °C as the reference temperature, corresponding to the onset of battery thermal runaway, to ensure relevance to critical thermal management scenarios. Results indicate that LTBMS A maintained battery cell temperatures at 50.4 °C with water and 31.6 °C with acetone under a 50 W heat load. In contrast, LTBMS B achieved cell temperatures of 41.8 °C with water and 42.8 °C with 0.01 vol% TiO<sub>2</sub> nanofluid, however, performance deteriorated at higher nanofluid concentrations due to increased viscosity and related thermophysical constraints. In heating mode, LTBMS A elevated cell temperatures by 16 °C at an ambient temperature of −10 °C using acetone, while LTBMS B attained 52–55 °C at a 100 W heat load with nanofluids. The lightweight LTBMS design demonstrated superior thermal performance compared to conventional air-cooling systems and performance comparable to liquid-cooling systems. Pure water proved to be the most effective working fluid, while nanofluids require further optimization to enhance their practical applicability in EV thermal management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d9ae356156e2470d84e1dc709f4fb98e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-d9ae356156e2470d84e1dc709f4fb98e2025-08-20T03:58:31ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-07-011814368710.3390/en18143687Li-Ion Battery Cooling and Heating System with Loop Thermosyphon for Electric VehiclesJu-Chan Jang0Taek-Kyu Lim1Ji-Su Lee2Seok-Ho Rhi3School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungbuk National University,1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of KoreaThermal Management System R&D Center, Automotive Convergence Parts Technology R&D Division, Korea Automotive Technology Institute, Pungse-ro, Pungse-meon, Cheonan 31214, Republic of KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungbuk National University,1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungbuk National University,1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of KoreaWater, acetone, and TiO<sub>2</sub>/nano-silver water (NSW) nanofluids were investigated as working fluids in loop thermosyphon battery thermal management systems (LTBMS) under simulated electric vehicle (EV) conditions to evaluate scalability and robustness across inclinations (0° to 60°) and ambient temperatures (−10 °C to 20 °C). Experimental conditions were established with 60 °C as the reference temperature, corresponding to the onset of battery thermal runaway, to ensure relevance to critical thermal management scenarios. Results indicate that LTBMS A maintained battery cell temperatures at 50.4 °C with water and 31.6 °C with acetone under a 50 W heat load. In contrast, LTBMS B achieved cell temperatures of 41.8 °C with water and 42.8 °C with 0.01 vol% TiO<sub>2</sub> nanofluid, however, performance deteriorated at higher nanofluid concentrations due to increased viscosity and related thermophysical constraints. In heating mode, LTBMS A elevated cell temperatures by 16 °C at an ambient temperature of −10 °C using acetone, while LTBMS B attained 52–55 °C at a 100 W heat load with nanofluids. The lightweight LTBMS design demonstrated superior thermal performance compared to conventional air-cooling systems and performance comparable to liquid-cooling systems. Pure water proved to be the most effective working fluid, while nanofluids require further optimization to enhance their practical applicability in EV thermal management.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/14/3687loop thermosyphontwo-phase flowli-ion batteryheat transferbattery thermal management |
| spellingShingle | Ju-Chan Jang Taek-Kyu Lim Ji-Su Lee Seok-Ho Rhi Li-Ion Battery Cooling and Heating System with Loop Thermosyphon for Electric Vehicles Energies loop thermosyphon two-phase flow li-ion battery heat transfer battery thermal management |
| title | Li-Ion Battery Cooling and Heating System with Loop Thermosyphon for Electric Vehicles |
| title_full | Li-Ion Battery Cooling and Heating System with Loop Thermosyphon for Electric Vehicles |
| title_fullStr | Li-Ion Battery Cooling and Heating System with Loop Thermosyphon for Electric Vehicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Li-Ion Battery Cooling and Heating System with Loop Thermosyphon for Electric Vehicles |
| title_short | Li-Ion Battery Cooling and Heating System with Loop Thermosyphon for Electric Vehicles |
| title_sort | li ion battery cooling and heating system with loop thermosyphon for electric vehicles |
| topic | loop thermosyphon two-phase flow li-ion battery heat transfer battery thermal management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/14/3687 |
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